tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-33726306148565552962024-03-06T00:51:35.309+01:00 « Ɗiy na Kaɗa »Vitrine de la Culture GuidarChristian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.comBlogger32125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-76479117237295846552023-08-08T14:21:00.003+01:002023-08-08T14:21:46.597+01:00La culture guidar aujourd'hui<p>La culture guidar aujourd'hui</p>Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-17930875854815357862023-05-01T18:10:00.001+01:002023-05-12T18:12:46.606+01:00Nous sommes parce/par ce que nous travaillons<p><span style="font-size: medium;">Nous
sommes par ce que nous faisons.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nous
sommes par ce qui fait de nous ceux que nous sommes.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nous
sommes parce qu'actifs.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nous
sommes parce que marquant l'histoire par nos pensées et par nos actes.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nous
sommes parce que refusant toute passivité.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nous
sommes parce que faits pour cultiver notre jardin.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nous
sommes par nos missions.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nous
sommes par nos différents engagements.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nous
sommes par nos compétences.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nous
sommes par nos collaborations.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nous
sommes par nos ardeurs.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nous
sommes par nos tâches quotidiennes.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nous
sommes par nos efforts de transformation de notre environnement et de notre
monde.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nous
sommes parce que nous transformons notre entourage.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nous
sommes parce que bâtisseurs du monde.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nous
sommes par nos professions.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nous
sommes parce que nous sommes cuisiniers, enseignants, agriculteurs, éleveurs,
infirmiers, médecins, ingénieurs, architectes ou soldats.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nous
sommes parce que nous sommes le son du tam-tam qui résonne pour faire
l'harmonie du monde.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nous
sommes là vibration du cuir monté sur le creux d'un tronc d'arbre pour scander
et déclamer ce qui rythme les avancées de l'humanité.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Comme
lors des travaux champêtres, nous impulsons la cadence de tous les labours et
de toutes les récoltes.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Nous
sommes parce/par ce que nous travaillons.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Très
bonne célébration du Travail. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Dschang,
le 1er mai 2023<o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;">Christian
Toumba Patalé<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span style="font-size: medium;"></span></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><span style="font-size: medium;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhVzYpYFNWXq-91MGjU2ZpweN-KQv6ktXv1XoisIVrjDM7S2qlay9P3zpjyP9j_W8pBBWos2PN5kT-oDur0fWPMGLthFbSVBLw5dPAr5oXUXKevs5lDwIUe9nRUgO93VIuyEVbd9zsIuJnCIG2eL2dLvkneiKUwVg7TAkGqhAf4zXnrDOKXQXTPgwziMg" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="" data-original-height="949" data-original-width="759" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEhVzYpYFNWXq-91MGjU2ZpweN-KQv6ktXv1XoisIVrjDM7S2qlay9P3zpjyP9j_W8pBBWos2PN5kT-oDur0fWPMGLthFbSVBLw5dPAr5oXUXKevs5lDwIUe9nRUgO93VIuyEVbd9zsIuJnCIG2eL2dLvkneiKUwVg7TAkGqhAf4zXnrDOKXQXTPgwziMg" width="192" /></a></span></div><span style="font-size: medium;"><br /><br /></span><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-ansi-language: FR;"><o:p><span style="font-size: medium;"> </span></o:p></span></p>Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-14250318765177905662023-02-16T21:25:00.000+01:002023-02-16T21:25:50.813+01:00Spécial Festival Culturel Guma 2021 en Images<h2 style="text-align: center;"><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Cérémonie de Lancement du Festival Culturel Guidar - Guma 2021</span></span></h2><div><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-weight: normal;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="349" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/nKAPyX5erec" width="481" youtube-src-id="nKAPyX5erec"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div></span><h2 style="-webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #0f0f0f; display: -webkit-box; line-height: 2.8rem; margin: 0px; max-height: 5.6rem; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; word-break: break-word;"><yt-formatted-string class="style-scope ytd-watch-metadata" force-default-style=""><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Cross Country en Prélude au Festival Culturel Guidar</span></yt-formatted-string> <span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;">- Guma 2021</span></h2><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="356" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/4OMpJ_wGjIw" width="480" youtube-src-id="4OMpJ_wGjIw"></iframe></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><br /></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><h2 style="-webkit-box-orient: vertical; -webkit-line-clamp: 2; background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #0f0f0f; display: -webkit-box; line-height: 2.8rem; margin: 0px; max-height: 5.6rem; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: center; text-overflow: ellipsis; word-break: break-word;"><yt-formatted-string class="style-scope ytd-watch-metadata" force-default-style=""><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;">Election Miss Guma 2021 - Festival Culturel Guidar</span></yt-formatted-string></h2><div><yt-formatted-string class="style-scope ytd-watch-metadata" force-default-style=""><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><iframe allowfullscreen="" class="BLOG_video_class" height="354" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ly0fXInMKL8" width="481" youtube-src-id="Ly0fXInMKL8"></iframe></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: small;"><br /></span></yt-formatted-string></div></div><br /><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></div><span style="background-color: white; color: #0f0f0f; font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: arial; font-size: medium;"><br /></span></span></div>Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-34878555509674670952021-05-15T01:12:00.007+01:002021-05-15T01:12:48.527+01:00Le Peuple Guidar<span style="font-family: "Bookman Old Style","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;">Par Zakari HAMAN <br /></span><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Localisés au Cameroun, Tchad et Cote
d’Ivoire, les Guidar sont un peuple venu du Sud-Soudan, faisant groupe avec les
Néo-soudaniens tels que : les Guizga, Moundang, Mousgoum, … Au Cameroun,
on les retrouve en majorité dans la Région du Nord, le département du
Mayo-Louti (Guider) où ils fondent un lamidat. Dans ce département, les Guidar
sont cantonnés au pied des montagnes. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Comme tout
autre peuple du monde, les Guidar sont reconnus par différents traits culturels
à l’instar des danses, mets, rites et coutumes.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Parlant des
danses notamment, on y retrouve différents types :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">- La danse du Guma</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">La
danse du Guma ou danse Guma se pratique au rythme d’un grand tambour appelé
« Guma », taillé à base du bois à la taille du batteur.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cette danse a pris ses origines pendant la
période d’invasion coloniale (occidentale et peule). Durant cette période, les
Guidar, pour vaincre l’ennemi, ont adopté ce type de danse. Elle est composée
de : un tambour taillé à la taille du batteur (ceci pour permettre à ce
dernier de se cacher derrière pour échapper aux flèches et autres
attaques) ; des lances avec lesquelles les hommes dansent derrière les
filles ; des cachots permettant aux filles de protéger leur partie intime.
La chorégraphie est faite de telle sorte que les filles se placent devant, les
hommes derrière elles et le batteur au fond de ceux-ci. Une fois l’ennemi en
vue, le batteur change de rythme. Ce faisant, le signal est alors donné aux
filles de faire tomber leurs pagnes. L’ennemi, face à ces filles dépouillées de
leur intimité, passe son temps à contempler la beauté de la nature ce qui donne
le temps aux populations de fuir et de se cacher dans les grottes. Pendant que
l’ennemi passe son temps à observer, les danseurs l’attaquent avec leurs
lances. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cet
outil de danse a été utilisé plus tard dans la communication : lors de
l’annonce des fêtes traditionnelles, de la naissance des jumeaux, d’évènements
nouveaux dans les villages, du décès du chef traditionnel, …</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aujourd’hui,
cette danse est utilisée dans les meetings politiques, lors des tournées de l’autorité
compétente ainsi que lors d’une visite d’un chef d’Etat au Cameroun (Président
Chinois par exemple, 2005). Cette danse a aussi été utilisée pour représenter
le Cameroun pendant plusieurs années lors de la commémoration du 14 juillet en
France.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">- Le Kokou ou danse de Kokou</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Danse
faite au rythme d’un instrument en forme de guitare (à deux fils) qui consiste
à chanter et glorifier une personnalité quelconque dans l’optique de mendier
par exemple. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">- Le Gazanvela</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">L’instrument
utilisé est le même que précédemment, mais à la seule différence qu’on emploie
un nombre d’acteur plus important. Des hommes bien robustes et les femmes aux
voies étincelantes sont choisis ; les premiers pour être danseurs et les
second pour chanter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">- Le Pozloro ou danse de Pozloro</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Il
s’agit d’une sorte de flute qui est fabriquée à base d’une tige de sorgho
(blanc ou rouge essentiellement). Cette danse consiste aussi à chanter pour
louer ou magnifier le chef ou une personnalité importante.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">- Le Deguela</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">L’instrument
utilisé ici est de taille réduite par rapport au Guma. Le batteur le maintien <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>entre ses cuisses. Les danseurs quant à eux
utilisent un autre outil fait à base de coquille d’escargot et de la cire.
Ceux-ci chantent tout en tournant en ronde autour du batteur. Le batteur change
de rythme, laissant place aux hommes de montrer leur robustesse. Ceci en
donnant un coup de pied à celui qui se trouve devant.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Notons
au bas de cette description que toutes ces danses sont exécutées <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>à des périodes bien déterminées de l’année. Et
pour compléter ce qui est dit plus haut, nous avons entre autre : Le Guma
et le Pozoloro qui s’exécutent lors de la fête du village et des jumeaux ;
le Deguela, lors de la fête des récoltes et des funérailles ; le Gazanvela,
lors de toute autre cérémonie de grandeur nature. Au-delà du caractère
culturel, ces différentes danses revêtent des aspects sociaux ; ceci parce
qu’elles constituent un lieu de rencontre entre des personnes de divers
horizons du Pays Guidar mais surtout que les hommes à la recherche d’une
conjointe en trouvent facilement le moyen d’en aborder en ces lieux et par là,
avoir « la chance de s’en procurer une » au final d’une telle
manifestation.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Les
rites traditionnels</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Notons
que chez les Guidar les rites traditionnels différent en fonction des temps,
des villages, des familles… Pour cela nous avons plusieurs groupes à
savoir :</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">- Les rites organisés par le chef
traditionnel ou chef de terre</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Ceux-ci
sont organisés pour un but collectif du village. Par conséquent, le chef de
terre fait venir un féticheur (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mǝsǝkheligi</i>)
qui invoque les dieux des ancêtres afin de pouvoir prédire ce qui peut advenir
de bon ou de mauvais dans le village. Cela arrive le plus souvent lors de
l’approche des fêtes traditionnelles du village. On note essentiellement :
les cas d’empoisonnement occasionné par un ennemi et des cas de
sorcellerie (maladies, malédiction…). C’est souvent pourquoi dans les mythes du
pays <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kaɗa</i> on a attendu qu’un village
a causé une maladie quelconque dans un autre. Après s’être informé par le
féticheur, le chef du village annonce la nouvelle à son messager qui à son tour
pourra relayer l’information auprès des familles. Le plus souvent, le messager
passe l’information par un appel sonore (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">wǝtǝlma)
</i>au sommet d’une montagne ; ou alors le messager peut passer maison par
maison, chose difficile à faire.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aussi,
le chef de terre peut faire appel à son féticheur pour préparer les fêtes de
début de saison pluvieuse et de récoltes ; ceci pour chasser le malheur du
village ou pour bénir le village. Parlant de la fête du début de saison
pluvieuse, le féticheur recommande davantage aux habitants de bénir leurs
champs avec soit de la cendre, soit avec du sang des animaux (poulet, mouton…).
Pour la fête de récolte, le féticheur peut faire des présages non heureux pour
le village à l’instar de l’arrivée de la famine. Quitte à chaque famille de se préparer
en fonction de la situation annoncée. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aux
cotés des ces rites traditionnels, s’ajoutent les feux de brousses qui sont
effectivement organisés sous les ordres du chef du village. Ces feux annoncent
la fin de la saison pluvieuse même comme par moment l’on note des pluies qui
viennent arroser les dégâts causés par ces derniers. Les gens sont alors
appelés à se retrouver quelque part pour allumer<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ces feux. On y récolte essentiellement les
criquets, les souris et autres rongeurs, etc. </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">- Les rites organisés individuellement
par le chef d’une famille</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Le
chef d’une famille, en fonction des circonstances éprouvées ou des événements
qu’il aimerait organiser, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fera appel au
féticheur pour avoir une vision nette de la chose. A titre illustratif, le père
d’une famille peut faire appel au féticheur suite au décès d’un enfant pour savoir
les causes du décès de l’enfant ; ou encore, le chef de famille peut aussi
faire appel au féticheur pour avoirs des éclaircies sur le décès de son/sa
petit (e) fils/fille. Notons que, le père de famille doit prendre des
dispositions pour éviter que de telles situations retouchent encore sa famille.
Dans la plus part des cas, si c’est un (e) sorcier (e) qui a causé le préjudice
<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>à sa famille, il peut aller jusqu’à
chercher l’élimination de cette dernière.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">- L’idole</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Les
Guidar, pour implorer leur Dieu, conçoivent une sorte d’idole à base d’un
canari dont le bas est troué. Le canari est alors renversé et rempli de terre.
Le <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tout est appelé <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tuya</i>. L’on procède alors à la bénédiction par des sacrifices
d’animaux (poulet essentiellement). La bénédiction se fait soit avec du sang soit
avec du foie braisé. Le père de la famille étant le garant de la tradition
exécute les rites tout en prononçant des paroles invoquant Dieu.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p>
Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-5287374561921460202021-05-15T00:57:00.003+01:002021-06-01T07:34:52.598+01:00Le Peuple Guidar<p> <span style="text-align: justify;"> P</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR; text-align: justify;">ar Zachari HAMAN </span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCcOc8pKwxlkCYmUqYjrhGR1mmPqGQ84o96twujF9MvAGm1dZC4CXV4MKhpRjO26NyhBlFsMpcfnfodP64cHeoSfcJhSV7AoCgh67Js20KsN1ybol2wqR6MRyubKB3OIRRKYajrDebzHl6/s960/13423869_1071521959593852_371043764177915415_n.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="957" height="70" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCcOc8pKwxlkCYmUqYjrhGR1mmPqGQ84o96twujF9MvAGm1dZC4CXV4MKhpRjO26NyhBlFsMpcfnfodP64cHeoSfcJhSV7AoCgh67Js20KsN1ybol2wqR6MRyubKB3OIRRKYajrDebzHl6/w70-h70/13423869_1071521959593852_371043764177915415_n.jpg" width="70" /></a>Localisés au Cameroun, Tchad et Cote
d’Ivoire, les Guidar sont un peuple venu du Sud-Soudan, faisant groupe avec les
Néo-soudaniens tels que : les Guizga, Moundang, Mousgoum, … Au Cameroun,
on les retrouve en majorité dans la Région du Nord, le département du
Mayo-Louti (Guider) où ils fondent un lamidat. Dans ce département, les Guidar
sont cantonnés au pied des montagnes.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Comme tout
autre peuple du monde, les Guidar sont reconnus par différents traits culturels
à l’instar des danses, mets, rites et coutumes. Parlant des
danses notamment, on y retrouve différents types :</span></div><p></p></div>
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<![endif]--></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">- </span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">La danse
du Guma</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">La danse du Guma ou danse Guma se pratique au rythme
d’un grand tambour appelé « Guma », taillé à base du bois à la taille
du batteur.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cette danse a pris ses
origines pendant la période d’invasion coloniale (occidentale et peule). Durant
cette période, les Guidar, pour vaincre l’ennemi, ont adopté ce type de danse.
Elle est composée de : un tambour taillé à la taille du batteur (ceci pour
permettre à ce dernier de se cacher derrière pour échapper aux flèches et
autres attaques) ; des lances avec lesquelles les hommes dansent derrière
les filles ; des cachots permettant aux filles de protéger leur partie
intime. La chorégraphie est faite de telle sorte que les filles se placent
devant, les hommes derrière elles et le batteur au fond de ceux-ci. Une fois
l’ennemi en vue, le batteur change de rythme. Ce faisant, le signal est alors
donné aux filles de faire tomber leurs pagnes. L’ennemi, face à ces filles
dépouillées de leur intimité, passe son temps à contempler la beauté de la
nature ce qui donne le temps aux populations de fuir et de se cacher dans les
grottes. Pendant que l’ennemi passe son temps à observer, les danseurs
l’attaquent avec leurs lances. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cet outil de danse a été utilisé plus tard dans la
communication : lors de l’annonce des fêtes traditionnelles, de la
naissance des jumeaux, d’évènements nouveaux dans les villages, du décès du
chef traditionnel, …</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Aujourd’hui, cette danse est utilisée dans les
meetings politiques, lors des tournées de l’autorité compétente ainsi que lors
d’une visite d’un chef d’État au Cameroun (Président Chinois par exemple,
2005). Cette danse a aussi été utilisée pour représenter le Cameroun pendant
plusieurs années lors de la commémoration du 14 juillet en France.</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm 7pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Le
Kokou ou danse de Kokou</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Danse faite au rythme d’un instrument en forme de guitare
(à deux fils) qui consiste à chanter et glorifier une personnalité quelconque
dans l’optique de mendier par exemple. </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm 7pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Le
Gazanvela</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">L’instrument utilisé est le même que précédemment,
mais à la seule différence qu’on emploie un nombre d’acteur plus important. Des
hommes bien robustes et les femmes aux voies étincelantes sont choisis ;
les premiers pour être danseurs et les second pour chanter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm 7pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Le
Pozloro ou danse de Pozloro</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Il s’agit d’une sorte de flute qui est fabriquée à
base d’une tige de sorgho (blanc ou rouge essentiellement). Cette danse
consiste aussi à chanter pour louer ou magnifier le chef ou une personnalité
importante.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm 7pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Le
Deguela</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">L’instrument utilisé ici est de taille réduite par
rapport au Guma. Le batteur le maintien <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>entre ses cuisses. Les danseurs quant à eux
utilisent un autre outil fait à base de coquille d’escargot et de la cire.
Ceux-ci chantent tout en tournant en ronde autour du batteur. Le batteur change
de rythme, laissant place aux hommes de montrer leur robustesse. Ceci en
donnant un coup de pied à celui qui se trouve devant.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Notons au bas de cette description que toutes ces
danses sont exécutées <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>à des périodes
bien déterminées de l’année. Et pour compléter ce qui est dit plus haut, nous
avons entre autre : Le Guma et le Pozoloro qui s’exécutent lors de la fête
du village et des jumeaux ; le Deguela, lors de la fête des récoltes et
des funérailles ; le Gazanvela, lors de toute autre cérémonie de grandeur
nature. Au-delà du caractère culturel, ces différentes danses revêtent des
aspects sociaux ; ceci parce qu’elles constituent un lieu de rencontre
entre des personnes de divers horizons du Pays Guidar mais surtout que les
hommes à la recherche d’une conjointe en trouvent facilement le moyen d’en
aborder en ces lieux et par là, avoir « la chance de s’en procurer
une » au final d’une telle manifestation. </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Les rites
traditionnels</span></b>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Notons que, chez les Guidar, les rites traditionnels
différent en fonction des temps, des villages, des familles… Pour cela nous avons
plusieurs groupes à savoir :</span></p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">* Les rites organisés par le chef
traditionnel ou chef de terre</span></b><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Ceux-ci sont organisés pour un but collectif du
village. Par conséquent, le chef de terre fait venir un féticheur (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mǝsǝkheligi</i>) qui invoque les dieux des ancêtres
afin de pouvoir prédire ce qui peut advenir de bon ou de mauvais dans le
village. Cela arrive le plus souvent lors de l’approche des fêtes
traditionnelles du village. On note essentiellement : les cas
d’empoisonnement occasionné par un ennemi et des cas de sorcellerie
(maladies, malédiction…). C’est souvent pourquoi dans les mythes du pays <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kaɗa</i> on a attendu qu’un village a causé
une maladie quelconque dans un autre. Après s’être informé par le féticheur, le
chef du village annonce la nouvelle à son messager qui à son tour pourra relayer
l’information auprès des familles. Le plus souvent, le messager passe
l’information par un appel sonore (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">wǝtǝlma)
</i>au sommet d’une montagne ; ou alors le messager peut passer maison par
maison, chose difficile à faire.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Aussi, le chef de terre peut faire appel à son
féticheur pour préparer les fêtes de début de saison pluvieuse et de
récoltes ; ceci pour chasser le malheur du village ou pour bénir le
village. Parlant de la fête du début de saison pluvieuse, le féticheur
recommande davantage aux habitants de bénir leurs champs avec soit de la
cendre, soit avec du sang des animaux (poulet, mouton…). Pour la fête de
récolte, le féticheur peut faire des présages non heureux pour le village à
l’instar de l’arrivée de la famine. Quitte à chaque famille de se préparer en fonction
de la situation annoncée. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Aux cotés des ces rites traditionnels, s’ajoutent
les feux de brousses qui sont effectivement organisés sous les ordres du chef
du village. Ces feux annoncent la fin de la saison pluvieuse même comme par
moment l’on note des pluies qui viennent arroser les dégâts causés par ces
derniers. Les gens sont alors appelés à se retrouver quelque part pour
allumer<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ces feux. On y récolte
essentiellement les criquets, les souris et autres rongeurs, etc. </span></p><p><b>*</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Les rites organisés individuellement
par le chef d’une famille</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Le chef d’une famille, en fonction des circonstances
éprouvées ou des événements qu’il aimerait organiser, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fera appel au féticheur pour avoir une vision
nette de la chose. A titre illustratif, le père d’une famille peut faire appel
au féticheur suite au décès d’un enfant pour savoir les causes du décès de l’enfant ;
ou encore, le chef de famille peut aussi faire appel au féticheur pour avoirs
des éclaircies sur le décès de son/sa petit (e) fils/fille. Notons que, le père
de famille doit prendre des dispositions pour éviter que de telles situations retouchent
encore sa famille. Dans la plus part des cas, si c’est un (e) sorcier (e) qui a
causé le préjudice <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>à sa famille, il peut
aller jusqu’à chercher l’élimination de cette dernière.</span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><b> </b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><b>*</b><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">L’idole</span></b>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Les
Guidar, pour implorer leur Dieu, conçoivent une sorte d’idole à base d’un
canari dont le bas est troué. Le canari est alors renversé et rempli de terre.
Le <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tout est appelé <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tuya</i>. L’on procède alors à la bénédiction par des sacrifices
d’animaux (poulet essentiellement). La bénédiction se fait soit avec du sang soit
avec du foie braisé. Le père de la famille étant le garant de la tradition
exécute les rites tout en prononçant des porales invocateur du Dieu.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p>Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-24533324658434964232018-06-04T01:17:00.000+01:002018-06-04T01:22:42.652+01:00La culture Guidar en Ligne...<iframe src="https://www.facebook.com/plugins/post.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2FDiyNaKaa%2Fposts%2F1512896925473894&width=500" width="500" height="669" style="border:none;overflow:hidden" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" allowTransparency="true" allow="encrypted-media"></iframe>Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-77561491144170599522018-06-04T00:48:00.000+01:002018-06-04T00:50:11.507+01:00Quelques prières usuelles de l’Église Catholique Romaine en Guidar<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<h1 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">1-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Dǝ
wiya na Afǝn (Au nom du Père – Signe de croix)<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Dǝ wiya na Afǝn<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">na Wǝtǝn<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">may na Zeŋgile Senido<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Amen.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<h1 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">2-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Afǝm
an edesiŋ (Notre Père qui es aux cieux – <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Pater
Noster qui est in cæli</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Afǝm an edesiŋ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">ɗiy pak degakdakanǝngǝn
wiya noko<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">dǝɗiykungǝn ka mǝliy neti<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">dǝprǝmnǝngǝn moka ka dǝlvofuŋ
va edisiŋ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Apsǝm dǝpaŋk way nam na paypakǝ applan mbrayin <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">namǝ, va mǝdapplan sǝka walaŋmǝ, kǝɓoŋgǝn akam<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">dagɗa mbrayni ; atrǝm sǝka zǝga mbrayni. Amen.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<h1 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">3-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->In
tat usɗoko Mariya (Je vous salue Marie – <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ave
Maria</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In tat usɗoko Mariya.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">kǝbǝk grasiya, Maŋgǝva tay
di isi, is mattuŋuk sǝ weleŋit gul pakǝ. Yezu Wutuko mettiŋgin i.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Mariya senido Ma Maŋgǝlva
aɓuh mok viyǝm mǝgǝɗ<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Mbrayni, gǝgaŋka, dǝ pay na mta namǝ. Amen.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<h1 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">4-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->In
tat ǝtaf Maŋgǝlva (Je crois en Dieu – <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Credo</i>)<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In tat ǝtaf Maŋgǝlva, Afǝn
mǝzawɓap pakǝ, mǝz dǝgɗa edisiŋ gǝm delva ; dǝ Yezu Kristu wǝtǝn makatǝrgǝni
Daya namǝ, Zeŋgile Senido dǝdiy daway nani, ŋbuɓɓo Mariya tǝwa, Yezu Kristu,
azǝmǝk saha aba mǝliy Ponse Pilate, mǝkpa’ni aka mǝzlurehe, amtǝka, mǝndǝkni,
ambatǝk a tǝkiy net mimtiti, esilik pay mohoko’o, epeŋk edisiŋ, asanǝk dǝka va
dǝzǝŋ na Maŋgǝlva Afǝn mǝzawɓap pakǝ, sǝdak adazzan ǝtaw sariya sit ɗiy
medereti may sit mimtiti.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In tat ǝtak Zeŋgile
Senido, Egliz katolik, ǝsap net senibe, ǝpplan mbrayni, isiliye ne zit ɗiyi,
ǝnziya medereti handolu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Amen.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<h1 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">5-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->In
tat ǝnahsǝn Maŋgǝlva (Je confesse à Dieu Tout Puissant – <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Confiteor</i>) <o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">In tat ǝnahsǝn Maŋgǝlva
mezzawɓap pakǝ, nǝzǝnǝk ebet milmiŋgiɗwa ; nǝgǝɗǝk mbrayni : dǝɗɗumo,
duwpele, dagɗa zǝga gǝm ɗǝ ǝppla ǝgɗa zǝga an na gɗa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Ha’aw nǝgǝɗǝk mbrayin
tǝstǝsǝ.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Vi waski nǝdawɓuh maw sǝt
ŋguɓɓo Mariya, sit maslayɗe na Maŋgǝlwa gǝm sit senibe pake gǝm sukum milmiŋgiɗwa,
keɓuhnǝngǝn mokum sǝn Maŋgelwa Daya nam viwa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Mettiŋgin aka Afǝn aka
Wǝtǝn may aka Zeŋgile Senido <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Va mettiŋgin gǝgaŋka
handolu addǝf ǝzva pakǝ. Amen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Mǝgakdakansǝm Afǝn, Wǝtǝn.
gǝm Zengile senido.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Va mettiŋgin gǝgaŋka
handolu addǝf ǝzva pakǝ. Amen.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<h1 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">6-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Uɓuhma
Na ŋgla (Acte de Charité)<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Maŋgǝlva nawa, is tat
ǝŋgluwu tǝstǝsǝ day ki zǝga mbrǝn pakǝ, vi moggok kǝnan sowɓa ; in tat ǝŋgluw
ɗiy mbrit va nǝŋgluw zuw vi kaŋgluwko.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<h1 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">7-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Uɓuhma
Na Wtafa (Acte d’Espérance)<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Maŋgǝlva nawa, in tat ǝtaf
an kǝssak akani may Egliz adawzaŋgiyǝm akani, vi mok azlzlaɓ ɓa, may kawmakam dǝrwa
ɓa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<h1 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">8-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Uɓuhma
Na Wga Maŋgǝlva (Acte de Foi)<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Maŋgǝlva nawa, in tat ǝga
sǝ voko, kǝvaygǝn grasiya nok aka dǝlva, edisiŋ handolu, nǝsawgǝn di isi, dǝza
ki wǝza na Yasu Kristu.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<h1 style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">9-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Uɓuhma
Na Wɗiy Marava (Acte de Contrition)<o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Maŋgǝlva nawa, in tat ǝɗiy
marava diɗa na mbrayin nawa, vi moggok kǝnani, vi kaŋgla mbrayin ɓa : pay
an ebe dǝ grasiya noko abbohsuwa, kǝta nǝdagɗa mbrayin ɓa, wanǝfaɗsuko.<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<br />Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-28559972177040438212018-06-04T00:34:00.000+01:002018-06-04T00:39:59.525+01:00Les jours de la semaine et les mois de l’année en Guidar<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBQCaAAcEWuHhwXXhRcN4SRqzJBMWKh2wqZjtLqhC_6VZ2DKaOSqI-t8zSkVQ-yqnPvrtURPl82xCiYylzhW-SpoAillgD12ZBMuW1z-lOyjDXe3GplBM2Sbbj869ynyCLs3w7czp1qWwu/s1600/Calendrier.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><img border="0" data-original-height="800" data-original-width="800" height="200" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgBQCaAAcEWuHhwXXhRcN4SRqzJBMWKh2wqZjtLqhC_6VZ2DKaOSqI-t8zSkVQ-yqnPvrtURPl82xCiYylzhW-SpoAillgD12ZBMuW1z-lOyjDXe3GplBM2Sbbj869ynyCLs3w7czp1qWwu/s200/Calendrier.png" width="200" /></span></a></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="text-align: justify;">1-<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span></span><span style="text-align: justify;">Pay
Buhul na Asawere (Les sept jours de la semaine)</span></span></h3>
<h1 style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Lumo
na Zugi (Lundi)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Lumo
na Gardama (Mardi)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Lumo
na Mampar (Mercredi)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Lumo
na Malway (Jeudi)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]--><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Lumo
na G</span>ǝdar (Vendredi)<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Lumo na Zlam (Samedi)<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><span style="font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Lumo na Bǝdva (Dimanche)</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><br />
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><br /></span></div>
<h3 style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;"><o:p> </o:p></span>2-<span style="font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal;"> </span>Iya
Net Tǝlaɗe Na Wǝzva (Les noms des mois de l’année)</span></h3>
<h1 style="mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif;"><o:p></o:p></span></h1>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Tǝla na Koŋgoŋ (Janvier)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Tǝla na Zugi (Février)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Tǝla na Sulom (Mars)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Tǝla na <span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">G</span>ǝdar (Avril)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Tǝla na Heri (Mai)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Tǝla na Kpeske (Juin)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: Georgia, Times New Roman, serif; font-size: large;"><span style="mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal;">
</span></span></span><!--[endif]-->Tǝla na Mogdok awrǝh pluɓa (Juillet)<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<br />Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com3Guider, Cameroun9.9256779 13.9434034999999319.8631144 13.862722499999931 9.9882414 14.024084499999931tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-44877425023701468622018-01-07T23:28:00.002+01:002021-06-01T07:40:40.366+01:00LE PEUPLE GUIDAR<div style="text-align: justify;">
Par HAMAN Zakari<br />
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Localisés au Cameroun, Tchad et Cote d’Ivoire, les Guidar sont un peuple venu du Sud-Soudan, faisant groupe avec les Néo-soudaniens tels que : les Guizga, Moundang, Mousgoum, … Au Cameroun, on les retrouve en majorité dans la Région du Nord, le département du Mayo-Louti (Guider) où ils fondent un lamida. Dans ce département, les Guidar sont cantonnés au pied des montagnes.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Comme tout autre peuple du monde, les Guidar sont reconnus par différents traits culturels à l’instar des danses, mets, rites et coutumes</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Parlant des danses notamment, on y retrouve différents types :</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<h3>
-<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Danse du Guma</h3>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
La danse du Guma ou danse Guma se pratique au rythme d’un grand tambour appelé « Guma », taillé à base du bois à la taille du batteur. Cette danse a pris ses origines pendant la période d’invasion coloniale (occidentale et peule). Durant cette période, les Guidar, pour vaincre l’ennemi, ont adopté ce type de danse. Elle est composée de : un tambour taillé à la taille du batteur (ceci pour permettre à ce dernier de se cacher derrière pour échapper aux flèches et autres attaques) ; des lances avec lesquelles les hommes dansent derrière les filles ; des cachots permettant aux filles de protéger leur partie intime. La chorégraphie est faite de telle sorte que les filles se placent devant, les hommes derrière elles et le batteur au fond de ceux-ci. Une fois l’ennemi en vue, le batteur change de rythme. Ce faisant, le signal est alors donné aux filles de faire tomber leurs pagnes. L’ennemi, face à ces filles dépouillées de leur intimité, passe son temps à contempler la beauté de la nature ce qui donne le temps aux populations de fuir et de se cacher dans les grottes. Pendant que l’ennemi passe son temps à observer, les danseurs l’attaquent avec leurs lances. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Cet outil de danse a été utilisé plus tard dans la communication : lors de l’annonce des fêtes traditionnelles, de la naissance des jumeaux, d’évènements nouveaux dans les villages, du décès du chef traditionnel, …</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Aujourd’hui, cette danse est utilisée dans les meetings politiques, lors des tournées de l’autorité compétente ainsi que lors d’une visite d’un chef d’Etat au Cameroun (Président Chinois par exemple, 2005). Cette danse a aussi été utilisée pour représenter le Cameroun pendant plusieurs années lors de la commémoration du 14 juillet en France.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<h4>
-<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Le Kokou ou danse de Kokou</h4>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Danse faite au rythme d’un instrument en forme de guitare (à deux fils) qui consiste à chanter et glorifier une personnalité quelconque dans l’optique de mendier par exemple. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
-<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Le Gazanvela</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
L’instrument utilisé est le même que précédemment, mais à la seule différence qu’on emploie un nombre d’acteur plus important. Des hommes bien robustes et les femmes aux voies étincelantes sont choisis ; les premiers pour être danseurs et les second pour chanter. .</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
-<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Le Pozloro ou danse de Pozloro</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Il s’agit d’une sorte de flute qui est fabriquée à base d’une tige de sorgho (blanc ou rouge essentiellement). Cette danse consiste aussi à chanter pour louer ou magnifier le chef ou une personnalité importante.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<h4>
-<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>Le Deguela</h4>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
L’instrument utilisé ici est de taille réduite par rapport au Guma. Le batteur le maintien entre ses cuisses. Les danseurs quant à eux utilisent un autre outil fait à base de coquille d’escargot et de la cire. Ceux-ci chantent tout en tournant en ronde autour du batteur. Le batteur change de rythme, laissant place aux hommes de montrer leur robustesse. Ceci en donnant un coup de pied à celui qui se trouve devant.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Notons au bas de cette description que toutes ces danses sont exécutées à des périodes bien déterminées de l’année. Et pour compléter ce qui est dit plus haut, nous avons entre autre : Le Guma et le Pozoloro qui s’exécutent lors de la fête du village et des jumeaux ; le Deguela, lors de la fête des récoltes et des funérailles ; le Gazanvela, lors de toute autre cérémonie de grandeur nature. Au-delà du caractère culturel, ces différentes danses revêtent des aspects sociaux ; ceci parce qu’elles constituent un lieu de rencontre entre des personnes de divers horizons du Pays Guidar mais surtout que les hommes à la recherche d’une conjointe en trouvent facilement le moyen d’en aborder en ces lieux et par là, avoir « la chance de s’en procurer une » au final d’une telle manifestation.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Rites traditionnels</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Notons que chez les Guidar les rites traditionnels différent en fonction des temps, des villages, des familles… Pour cela nous avons plusieurs groupes à savoir :</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<h4>
- Rites organisés par le chef traditionnel ou chef de terre</h4>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Ceux-ci sont organisés pour un but collectif du village. Par conséquent, le chef de terre fait venir un féticheur (mǝsǝkheligi) qui invoque les dieux des ancêtres afin de pouvoir prédire ce qui peut advenir de bon ou de mauvais dans le village. Cela arrive le plus souvent lors de l’approche des fêtes traditionnelles du village. On note essentiellement : les cas d’empoisonnement occasionné par un ennemi et des cas de sorcellerie (maladies, malédiction…). C’est souvent pourquoi dans les mythes du pays kaɗa on a attendu qu’un village a causé une maladie quelconque dans un autre. Après s’être informé par le féticheur, le chef du village annonce la nouvelle à son messager qui à son tour pourra relayer l’information auprès des familles. Le plus souvent, le messager passe l’information par un appel sonore (wǝtǝlma) au sommet d’une montagne ; ou alors le messager peut passer maison par maison, chose difficile à faire.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Aussi, le chef de terre peut faire appel à son féticheur pour préparer les fêtes de début de saison pluvieuse et de récoltes ; ceci pour chasser le malheur du village ou pour bénir le village. Parlant de la fête du début de saison pluvieuse, le féticheur recommande davantage aux habitants de bénir leurs champs avec soit de la cendre, soit avec du sang des animaux (poulet, mouton…). Pour la fête de récolte, le féticheur peut faire des présages non heureux pour le village à l’instar de l’arrivée de la famine. Quitte à chaque famille de se préparer en fonction de la situation annoncée. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Aux cotés des ces rites traditionnels, s’ajoutent les feux de brousses qui sont effectivement organisés sous les ordres du chef du village. Ces feux annoncent la fin de la saison pluvieuse même comme par moment l’on note des pluies qui viennent arroser les dégâts causés par ces derniers. Les gens sont alors appelés à se retrouver quelque part pour allumer ces feux. On y récolte essentiellement les criquets, les souris et autres rongeurs, etc. </div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<h4>
- Rites organisés individuellement par le chef d’une famille</h4>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Le chef d’une famille, en fonction des circonstances éprouvées ou des événements qu’il aimerait organiser, fera appel au féticheur pour avoir une vision nette de la chose. A titre illustratif, le père d’une famille peut faire appel au féticheur suite au décès d’un enfant pour savoir les causes du décès de l’enfant ; ou encore, le chef de famille peut aussi faire appel au féticheur pour avoirs des éclaircies sur le décès de son/sa petit (e) fils/fille. Notons que, le père de famille doit prendre des dispositions pour éviter que de telles situations retouchent encore sa famille. Dans la plus part des cas, si c’est un (e) sorcier (e) qui a causé le préjudice à sa famille, il peut aller jusqu’à chercher l’élimination de cette dernière.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<h4>
-<span style="white-space: pre;"> </span>L’idole</h4>
</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
Les Guidar, pour implorer leur Dieu, conçoivent une sorte d’idole à base d’un canari dont le bas est troué. Le canari est alors renversé et rempli de terre. Le tout est appelé tuya. L’on procède alors à la bénédiction par des sacrifices d’animaux (poulet essentiellement). La bénédiction se fait soit avec du sang soit avec du foie braisé. Le père de la famille étant le garant de la tradition exécute les rites tout en prononçant des porales invocateur du Dieu.</div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-26605173534337618232018-01-07T13:45:00.004+01:002021-06-01T08:35:29.075+01:00Le Peuple Guidar<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"> P<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">ar Zachari HAMAN </span></p><div style="text-align: justify;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: justify;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCcOc8pKwxlkCYmUqYjrhGR1mmPqGQ84o96twujF9MvAGm1dZC4CXV4MKhpRjO26NyhBlFsMpcfnfodP64cHeoSfcJhSV7AoCgh67Js20KsN1ybol2wqR6MRyubKB3OIRRKYajrDebzHl6/s960/13423869_1071521959593852_371043764177915415_n.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="960" data-original-width="957" height="70" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCcOc8pKwxlkCYmUqYjrhGR1mmPqGQ84o96twujF9MvAGm1dZC4CXV4MKhpRjO26NyhBlFsMpcfnfodP64cHeoSfcJhSV7AoCgh67Js20KsN1ybol2wqR6MRyubKB3OIRRKYajrDebzHl6/w70-h70/13423869_1071521959593852_371043764177915415_n.jpg" width="70" /></a>Localisés au Cameroun, Tchad et Cote
d’Ivoire, les Guidar sont un peuple venu du Sud-Soudan, faisant groupe avec les
Néo-soudaniens tels que : les Guizga, Moundang, Mousgoum, … Au Cameroun,
on les retrouve en majorité dans la Région du Nord, le département du
Mayo-Louti (Guider) où ils fondent un lamidat. Dans ce département, les Guidar
sont cantonnés au pied des montagnes.<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Comme tout
autre peuple du monde, les Guidar sont reconnus par différents traits culturels
à l’instar des danses, mets, rites et coutumes. Parlant des
danses notamment, on y retrouve différents types :</span></div><p></p></div>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
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<![endif]--></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">- </span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">La danse
du Guma</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">La danse du Guma ou danse Guma se pratique au rythme
d’un grand tambour appelé « Guma », taillé à base du bois à la taille
du batteur.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cette danse a pris ses
origines pendant la période d’invasion coloniale (occidentale et peule). Durant
cette période, les Guidar, pour vaincre l’ennemi, ont adopté ce type de danse.
Elle est composée de : un tambour taillé à la taille du batteur (ceci pour
permettre à ce dernier de se cacher derrière pour échapper aux flèches et
autres attaques) ; des lances avec lesquelles les hommes dansent derrière
les filles ; des cachots permettant aux filles de protéger leur partie
intime. La chorégraphie est faite de telle sorte que les filles se placent
devant, les hommes derrière elles et le batteur au fond de ceux-ci. Une fois
l’ennemi en vue, le batteur change de rythme. Ce faisant, le signal est alors
donné aux filles de faire tomber leurs pagnes. L’ennemi, face à ces filles
dépouillées de leur intimité, passe son temps à contempler la beauté de la
nature ce qui donne le temps aux populations de fuir et de se cacher dans les
grottes. Pendant que l’ennemi passe son temps à observer, les danseurs
l’attaquent avec leurs lances. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cet outil de danse a été utilisé plus tard dans la
communication : lors de l’annonce des fêtes traditionnelles, de la
naissance des jumeaux, d’évènements nouveaux dans les villages, du décès du
chef traditionnel, …</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Aujourd’hui, cette danse est utilisée dans les
meetings politiques, lors des tournées de l’autorité compétente ainsi que lors
d’une visite d’un chef d’État au Cameroun (Président Chinois par exemple,
2005). Cette danse a aussi été utilisée pour représenter le Cameroun pendant
plusieurs années lors de la commémoration du 14 juillet en France.</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm 7pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Le
Kokou ou danse de Kokou</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Danse faite au rythme d’un instrument en forme de guitare
(à deux fils) qui consiste à chanter et glorifier une personnalité quelconque
dans l’optique de mendier par exemple. </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm 7pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Le
Gazanvela</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">L’instrument utilisé est le même que précédemment,
mais à la seule différence qu’on emploie un nombre d’acteur plus important. Des
hommes bien robustes et les femmes aux voies étincelantes sont choisis ;
les premiers pour être danseurs et les second pour chanter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm 7pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Le
Pozloro ou danse de Pozloro</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Il s’agit d’une sorte de flute qui est fabriquée à
base d’une tige de sorgho (blanc ou rouge essentiellement). Cette danse
consiste aussi à chanter pour louer ou magnifier le chef ou une personnalité
importante.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm 7pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Le
Deguela</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">L’instrument utilisé ici est de taille réduite par
rapport au Guma. Le batteur le maintien <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>entre ses cuisses. Les danseurs quant à eux
utilisent un autre outil fait à base de coquille d’escargot et de la cire.
Ceux-ci chantent tout en tournant en ronde autour du batteur. Le batteur change
de rythme, laissant place aux hommes de montrer leur robustesse. Ceci en
donnant un coup de pied à celui qui se trouve devant.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Notons au bas de cette description que toutes ces
danses sont exécutées <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>à des périodes
bien déterminées de l’année. Et pour compléter ce qui est dit plus haut, nous
avons entre autre : Le Guma et le Pozoloro qui s’exécutent lors de la fête
du village et des jumeaux ; le Deguela, lors de la fête des récoltes et
des funérailles ; le Gazanvela, lors de toute autre cérémonie de grandeur
nature. Au-delà du caractère culturel, ces différentes danses revêtent des
aspects sociaux ; ceci parce qu’elles constituent un lieu de rencontre
entre des personnes de divers horizons du Pays Guidar mais surtout que les
hommes à la recherche d’une conjointe en trouvent facilement le moyen d’en
aborder en ces lieux et par là, avoir « la chance de s’en procurer
une » au final d’une telle manifestation. </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Les rites
traditionnels</span></b>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Notons que, chez les Guidar, les rites traditionnels
différent en fonction des temps, des villages, des familles… Pour cela nous avons
plusieurs groupes à savoir :</span></p><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">* Les rites organisés par le chef
traditionnel ou chef de terre</span></b><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Ceux-ci sont organisés pour un but collectif du
village. Par conséquent, le chef de terre fait venir un féticheur (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mǝsǝkheligi</i>) qui invoque les dieux des ancêtres
afin de pouvoir prédire ce qui peut advenir de bon ou de mauvais dans le
village. Cela arrive le plus souvent lors de l’approche des fêtes
traditionnelles du village. On note essentiellement : les cas
d’empoisonnement occasionné par un ennemi et des cas de sorcellerie
(maladies, malédiction…). C’est souvent pourquoi dans les mythes du pays <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kaɗa</i> on a attendu qu’un village a causé
une maladie quelconque dans un autre. Après s’être informé par le féticheur, le
chef du village annonce la nouvelle à son messager qui à son tour pourra relayer
l’information auprès des familles. Le plus souvent, le messager passe
l’information par un appel sonore (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">wǝtǝlma)
</i>au sommet d’une montagne ; ou alors le messager peut passer maison par
maison, chose difficile à faire.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Aussi, le chef de terre peut faire appel à son
féticheur pour préparer les fêtes de début de saison pluvieuse et de
récoltes ; ceci pour chasser le malheur du village ou pour bénir le
village. Parlant de la fête du début de saison pluvieuse, le féticheur
recommande davantage aux habitants de bénir leurs champs avec soit de la
cendre, soit avec du sang des animaux (poulet, mouton…). Pour la fête de
récolte, le féticheur peut faire des présages non heureux pour le village à
l’instar de l’arrivée de la famine. Quitte à chaque famille de se préparer en fonction
de la situation annoncée. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Aux cotés des ces rites traditionnels, s’ajoutent
les feux de brousses qui sont effectivement organisés sous les ordres du chef
du village. Ces feux annoncent la fin de la saison pluvieuse même comme par
moment l’on note des pluies qui viennent arroser les dégâts causés par ces
derniers. Les gens sont alors appelés à se retrouver quelque part pour
allumer<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ces feux. On y récolte
essentiellement les criquets, les souris et autres rongeurs, etc. </span></p><p><b>*</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Les rites organisés individuellement
par le chef d’une famille</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Le chef d’une famille, en fonction des circonstances
éprouvées ou des événements qu’il aimerait organiser, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fera appel au féticheur pour avoir une vision
nette de la chose. A titre illustratif, le père d’une famille peut faire appel
au féticheur suite au décès d’un enfant pour savoir les causes du décès de l’enfant ;
ou encore, le chef de famille peut aussi faire appel au féticheur pour avoirs
des éclaircies sur le décès de son/sa petit (e) fils/fille. Notons que, le père
de famille doit prendre des dispositions pour éviter que de telles situations retouchent
encore sa famille. Dans la plus part des cas, si c’est un (e) sorcier (e) qui a
causé le préjudice <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>à sa famille, il peut
aller jusqu’à chercher l’élimination de cette dernière.</span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><b> </b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><b>*</b><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">L’idole</span></b>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Les
Guidar, pour implorer leur Dieu, conçoivent une sorte d’idole à base d’un
canari dont le bas est troué. Le canari est alors renversé et rempli de terre.
Le <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tout est appelé <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tuya</i>. L’on procède alors à la bénédiction par des sacrifices
d’animaux (poulet essentiellement). La bénédiction se fait soit avec du sang soit
avec du foie braisé. Le père de la famille étant le garant de la tradition
exécute les rites tout en prononçant des porales invocateur du Dieu.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p>
Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-253007174804635382018-01-07T13:45:00.001+01:002021-06-01T07:57:55.719+01:00Le Peuple Guidar<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Par Zachari HAMAN </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><p><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDF-TqWTstwXmUXu-U0R5BxXz9QCQ5ojKytCKbW_ABGfmBcC3hpfrRs3o_SbvoHzXEdx8trGGk0PT51Hb4bqFt4ihfjVIQaVEAk3cTdop5YqXCLMKEsNbGx_Fup3WJoay6hGmJbkMTbNWG/s601/Zahari+HAMAN.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="601" data-original-width="600" height="101" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDF-TqWTstwXmUXu-U0R5BxXz9QCQ5ojKytCKbW_ABGfmBcC3hpfrRs3o_SbvoHzXEdx8trGGk0PT51Hb4bqFt4ihfjVIQaVEAk3cTdop5YqXCLMKEsNbGx_Fup3WJoay6hGmJbkMTbNWG/w100-h101/Zahari+HAMAN.jpg" width="100" /></a></p></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><p>Localisés au Cameroun, Tchad et Cote
d’Ivoire, les Guidar sont un peuple venu du Sud-Soudan, faisant groupe avec les
Néo-soudaniens tels que : les Guizga, Moundang, Mousgoum, … Au Cameroun,
on les retrouve en majorité dans la Région du Nord, le département du
Mayo-Louti (Guider) où ils fondent un lamidat. Dans ce département, les Guidar
sont cantonnés au pied des montagnes. </p></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Comme tout
autre peuple du monde, les Guidar sont reconnus par différents traits culturels
à l’instar des danses, mets, rites et coutumes.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Parlant des
danses notamment, on y retrouve différents types :</span></p>
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<![endif]--></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">- </span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">La danse
du Guma</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">La danse du Guma ou danse Guma se pratique au rythme
d’un grand tambour appelé « Guma », taillé à base du bois à la taille
du batteur.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cette danse a pris ses
origines pendant la période d’invasion coloniale (occidentale et peule). Durant
cette période, les Guidar, pour vaincre l’ennemi, ont adopté ce type de danse.
Elle est composée de : un tambour taillé à la taille du batteur (ceci pour
permettre à ce dernier de se cacher derrière pour échapper aux flèches et
autres attaques) ; des lances avec lesquelles les hommes dansent derrière
les filles ; des cachots permettant aux filles de protéger leur partie
intime. La chorégraphie est faite de telle sorte que les filles se placent
devant, les hommes derrière elles et le batteur au fond de ceux-ci. Une fois
l’ennemi en vue, le batteur change de rythme. Ce faisant, le signal est alors
donné aux filles de faire tomber leurs pagnes. L’ennemi, face à ces filles
dépouillées de leur intimité, passe son temps à contempler la beauté de la
nature ce qui donne le temps aux populations de fuir et de se cacher dans les
grottes. Pendant que l’ennemi passe son temps à observer, les danseurs
l’attaquent avec leurs lances. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cet outil de danse a été utilisé plus tard dans la
communication : lors de l’annonce des fêtes traditionnelles, de la
naissance des jumeaux, d’évènements nouveaux dans les villages, du décès du
chef traditionnel, …</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Aujourd’hui, cette danse est utilisée dans les
meetings politiques, lors des tournées de l’autorité compétente ainsi que lors
d’une visite d’un chef d’État au Cameroun (Président Chinois par exemple,
2005). Cette danse a aussi été utilisée pour représenter le Cameroun pendant
plusieurs années lors de la commémoration du 14 juillet en France.</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm 7pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Le
Kokou ou danse de Kokou</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Danse faite au rythme d’un instrument en forme de guitare
(à deux fils) qui consiste à chanter et glorifier une personnalité quelconque
dans l’optique de mendier par exemple. </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm 7pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Le
Gazanvela</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">L’instrument utilisé est le même que précédemment,
mais à la seule différence qu’on emploie un nombre d’acteur plus important. Des
hommes bien robustes et les femmes aux voies étincelantes sont choisis ;
les premiers pour être danseurs et les second pour chanter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm 7pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Le
Pozloro ou danse de Pozloro</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Il s’agit d’une sorte de flute qui est fabriquée à
base d’une tige de sorgho (blanc ou rouge essentiellement). Cette danse
consiste aussi à chanter pour louer ou magnifier le chef ou une personnalité
importante.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm 7pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Le
Deguela</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">L’instrument utilisé ici est de taille réduite par
rapport au Guma. Le batteur le maintien <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>entre ses cuisses. Les danseurs quant à eux
utilisent un autre outil fait à base de coquille d’escargot et de la cire.
Ceux-ci chantent tout en tournant en ronde autour du batteur. Le batteur change
de rythme, laissant place aux hommes de montrer leur robustesse. Ceci en
donnant un coup de pied à celui qui se trouve devant.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Notons au bas de cette description que toutes ces
danses sont exécutées <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>à des périodes
bien déterminées de l’année. Et pour compléter ce qui est dit plus haut, nous
avons entre autre : Le Guma et le Pozoloro qui s’exécutent lors de la fête
du village et des jumeaux ; le Deguela, lors de la fête des récoltes et
des funérailles ; le Gazanvela, lors de toute autre cérémonie de grandeur
nature. Au-delà du caractère culturel, ces différentes danses revêtent des
aspects sociaux ; ceci parce qu’elles constituent un lieu de rencontre
entre des personnes de divers horizons du Pays Guidar mais surtout que les
hommes à la recherche d’une conjointe en trouvent facilement le moyen d’en
aborder en ces lieux et par là, avoir « la chance de s’en procurer
une » au final d’une telle manifestation. </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Les rites
traditionnels</span></b>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Notons que, chez les Guidar, les rites traditionnels
différent en fonction des temps, des villages, des familles… Pour cela nous avons
plusieurs groupes à savoir :</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm 7pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">* Les rites organisés par le chef
traditionnel ou chef de terre</span></b></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Ceux-ci sont organisés pour un but collectif du
village. Par conséquent, le chef de terre fait venir un féticheur (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mǝsǝkheligi</i>) qui invoque les dieux des ancêtres
afin de pouvoir prédire ce qui peut advenir de bon ou de mauvais dans le
village. Cela arrive le plus souvent lors de l’approche des fêtes
traditionnelles du village. On note essentiellement : les cas
d’empoisonnement occasionné par un ennemi et des cas de sorcellerie
(maladies, malédiction…). C’est souvent pourquoi dans les mythes du pays <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kaɗa</i> on a attendu qu’un village a causé
une maladie quelconque dans un autre. Après s’être informé par le féticheur, le
chef du village annonce la nouvelle à son messager qui à son tour pourra relayer
l’information auprès des familles. Le plus souvent, le messager passe
l’information par un appel sonore (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">wǝtǝlma)
</i>au sommet d’une montagne ; ou alors le messager peut passer maison par
maison, chose difficile à faire.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Aussi, le chef de terre peut faire appel à son
féticheur pour préparer les fêtes de début de saison pluvieuse et de
récoltes ; ceci pour chasser le malheur du village ou pour bénir le
village. Parlant de la fête du début de saison pluvieuse, le féticheur
recommande davantage aux habitants de bénir leurs champs avec soit de la
cendre, soit avec du sang des animaux (poulet, mouton…). Pour la fête de
récolte, le féticheur peut faire des présages non heureux pour le village à
l’instar de l’arrivée de la famine. Quitte à chaque famille de se préparer en fonction
de la situation annoncée. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Aux cotés des ces rites traditionnels, s’ajoutent
les feux de brousses qui sont effectivement organisés sous les ordres du chef
du village. Ces feux annoncent la fin de la saison pluvieuse même comme par
moment l’on note des pluies qui viennent arroser les dégâts causés par ces
derniers. Les gens sont alors appelés à se retrouver quelque part pour
allumer<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ces feux. On y récolte
essentiellement les criquets, les souris et autres rongeurs, etc. </span></p><p><b>*</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Les lites organisés individuellement
par le chef d’une famille</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Le chef d’une famille, en fonction des circonstances
éprouvées ou des événements qu’il aimerait organiser, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fera appel au féticheur pour avoir une vision
nette de la chose. A titre illustratif, le père d’une famille peut faire appel
au féticheur suite au décès d’un enfant pour savoir les causes du décès de l’enfant ;
ou encore, le chef de famille peut aussi faire appel au féticheur pour avoirs
des éclaircies sur le décès de son/sa petit (e) fils/fille. Notons que, le père
de famille doit prendre des dispositions pour éviter que de telles situations retouchent
encore sa famille. Dans la plus part des cas, si c’est un (e) sorcier (e) qui a
causé le préjudice <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>à sa famille, il peut
aller jusqu’à chercher l’élimination de cette dernière.</span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><b> </b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><b>*</b><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">L’idole</span></b>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Les
Guidar, pour implorer leur Dieu, conçoivent une sorte d’idole à base d’un
canari dont le bas est troué. Le canari est alors renversé et rempli de terre.
Le <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tout est appelé <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tuya</i>. L’on procède alors à la bénédiction par des sacrifices
d’animaux (poulet essentiellement). La bénédiction se fait soit avec du sang soit
avec du foie braisé. Le père de la famille étant le garant de la tradition
exécute les rites tout en prononçant des porales invocateur du Dieu.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;"> </span></p>
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<![endif]--></p>Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-16062430588822878342018-01-07T13:30:00.001+01:002021-06-01T07:34:54.510+01:00Le Peuple Guidar<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Par Zachari HAMAN </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><br /></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDF-TqWTstwXmUXu-U0R5BxXz9QCQ5ojKytCKbW_ABGfmBcC3hpfrRs3o_SbvoHzXEdx8trGGk0PT51Hb4bqFt4ihfjVIQaVEAk3cTdop5YqXCLMKEsNbGx_Fup3WJoay6hGmJbkMTbNWG/s601/Zahari+HAMAN.jpg" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="601" data-original-width="600" height="101" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDF-TqWTstwXmUXu-U0R5BxXz9QCQ5ojKytCKbW_ABGfmBcC3hpfrRs3o_SbvoHzXEdx8trGGk0PT51Hb4bqFt4ihfjVIQaVEAk3cTdop5YqXCLMKEsNbGx_Fup3WJoay6hGmJbkMTbNWG/w100-h101/Zahari+HAMAN.jpg" width="100" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><p>Localisés au Cameroun, Tchad et Cote
d’Ivoire, les Guidar sont un peuple venu du Sud-Soudan, faisant groupe avec les
Néo-soudaniens tels que : les Guizga, Moundang, Mousgoum, … Au Cameroun,
on les retrouve en majorité dans la Région du Nord, le département du
Mayo-Louti (Guider) où ils fondent un lamidat. Dans ce département, les Guidar
sont cantonnés au pied des montagnes. </p></div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Comme tout
autre peuple du monde, les Guidar sont reconnus par différents traits culturels
à l’instar des danses, mets, rites et coutumes.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Parlant des
danses notamment, on y retrouve différents types :</span></p>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footer"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="index heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="35" SemiHidden="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of figures"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="envelope return"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="footnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="line number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="page number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="endnote text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="table of authorities"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="macro"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="toa heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Bullet 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Number 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="10" QFormat="true" Name="Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Closing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Default Paragraph Font"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="List Continue 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Message Header"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="11" QFormat="true" Name="Subtitle"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Salutation"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">- </span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">La danse
du Guma</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">La danse du Guma ou danse Guma se pratique au rythme
d’un grand tambour appelé « Guma », taillé à base du bois à la taille
du batteur.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cette danse a pris ses
origines pendant la période d’invasion coloniale (occidentale et peule). Durant
cette période, les Guidar, pour vaincre l’ennemi, ont adopté ce type de danse.
Elle est composée de : un tambour taillé à la taille du batteur (ceci pour
permettre à ce dernier de se cacher derrière pour échapper aux flèches et
autres attaques) ; des lances avec lesquelles les hommes dansent derrière
les filles ; des cachots permettant aux filles de protéger leur partie
intime. La chorégraphie est faite de telle sorte que les filles se placent
devant, les hommes derrière elles et le batteur au fond de ceux-ci. Une fois
l’ennemi en vue, le batteur change de rythme. Ce faisant, le signal est alors
donné aux filles de faire tomber leurs pagnes. L’ennemi, face à ces filles
dépouillées de leur intimité, passe son temps à contempler la beauté de la
nature ce qui donne le temps aux populations de fuir et de se cacher dans les
grottes. Pendant que l’ennemi passe son temps à observer, les danseurs
l’attaquent avec leurs lances. </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Cet outil de danse a été utilisé plus tard dans la
communication : lors de l’annonce des fêtes traditionnelles, de la
naissance des jumeaux, d’évènements nouveaux dans les villages, du décès du
chef traditionnel, …</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Aujourd’hui, cette danse est utilisée dans les
meetings politiques, lors des tournées de l’autorité compétente ainsi que lors
d’une visite d’un chef d’État au Cameroun (Président Chinois par exemple,
2005). Cette danse a aussi été utilisée pour représenter le Cameroun pendant
plusieurs années lors de la commémoration du 14 juillet en France.</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm 7pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Le
Kokou ou danse de Kokou</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Danse faite au rythme d’un instrument en forme de guitare
(à deux fils) qui consiste à chanter et glorifier une personnalité quelconque
dans l’optique de mendier par exemple. </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm 7pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Le
Gazanvela</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">L’instrument utilisé est le même que précédemment,
mais à la seule différence qu’on emploie un nombre d’acteur plus important. Des
hommes bien robustes et les femmes aux voies étincelantes sont choisis ;
les premiers pour être danseurs et les second pour chanter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm 7pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Le
Pozloro ou danse de Pozloro</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Il s’agit d’une sorte de flute qui est fabriquée à
base d’une tige de sorgho (blanc ou rouge essentiellement). Cette danse
consiste aussi à chanter pour louer ou magnifier le chef ou une personnalité
importante.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm 7pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Le
Deguela</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">L’instrument utilisé ici est de taille réduite par
rapport au Guma. Le batteur le maintien <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>entre ses cuisses. Les danseurs quant à eux
utilisent un autre outil fait à base de coquille d’escargot et de la cire.
Ceux-ci chantent tout en tournant en ronde autour du batteur. Le batteur change
de rythme, laissant place aux hommes de montrer leur robustesse. Ceci en
donnant un coup de pied à celui qui se trouve devant.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Notons au bas de cette description que toutes ces
danses sont exécutées <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>à des périodes
bien déterminées de l’année. Et pour compléter ce qui est dit plus haut, nous
avons entre autre : Le Guma et le Pozoloro qui s’exécutent lors de la fête
du village et des jumeaux ; le Deguela, lors de la fête des récoltes et
des funérailles ; le Gazanvela, lors de toute autre cérémonie de grandeur
nature. Au-delà du caractère culturel, ces différentes danses revêtent des
aspects sociaux ; ceci parce qu’elles constituent un lieu de rencontre
entre des personnes de divers horizons du Pays Guidar mais surtout que les
hommes à la recherche d’une conjointe en trouvent facilement le moyen d’en
aborder en ces lieux et par là, avoir « la chance de s’en procurer
une » au final d’une telle manifestation. </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">- Les rites
traditionnels</span></b>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Notons que, chez les Guidar, les rites traditionnels
différent en fonction des temps, des villages, des familles… Pour cela nous avons
plusieurs groupes à savoir :</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm 7pt 36pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">* Les rites organisés par le chef
traditionnel ou chef de terre</span></b></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Ceux-ci sont organisés pour un but collectif du
village. Par conséquent, le chef de terre fait venir un féticheur (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mǝsǝkheligi</i>) qui invoque les dieux des ancêtres
afin de pouvoir prédire ce qui peut advenir de bon ou de mauvais dans le
village. Cela arrive le plus souvent lors de l’approche des fêtes
traditionnelles du village. On note essentiellement : les cas
d’empoisonnement occasionné par un ennemi et des cas de sorcellerie
(maladies, malédiction…). C’est souvent pourquoi dans les mythes du pays <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kaɗa</i> on a attendu qu’un village a causé
une maladie quelconque dans un autre. Après s’être informé par le féticheur, le
chef du village annonce la nouvelle à son messager qui à son tour pourra relayer
l’information auprès des familles. Le plus souvent, le messager passe
l’information par un appel sonore (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">wǝtǝlma)
</i>au sommet d’une montagne ; ou alors le messager peut passer maison par
maison, chose difficile à faire.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Aussi, le chef de terre peut faire appel à son
féticheur pour préparer les fêtes de début de saison pluvieuse et de
récoltes ; ceci pour chasser le malheur du village ou pour bénir le
village. Parlant de la fête du début de saison pluvieuse, le féticheur
recommande davantage aux habitants de bénir leurs champs avec soit de la
cendre, soit avec du sang des animaux (poulet, mouton…). Pour la fête de
récolte, le féticheur peut faire des présages non heureux pour le village à
l’instar de l’arrivée de la famine. Quitte à chaque famille de se préparer en fonction
de la situation annoncée. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Aux cotés des ces rites traditionnels, s’ajoutent
les feux de brousses qui sont effectivement organisés sous les ordres du chef
du village. Ces feux annoncent la fin de la saison pluvieuse même comme par
moment l’on note des pluies qui viennent arroser les dégâts causés par ces
derniers. Les gens sont alors appelés à se retrouver quelque part pour
allumer<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ces feux. On y récolte
essentiellement les criquets, les souris et autres rongeurs, etc. </span></p><p><b>*</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> Les lites organisés individuellement
par le chef d’une famille</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Le chef d’une famille, en fonction des circonstances
éprouvées ou des événements qu’il aimerait organiser, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fera appel au féticheur pour avoir une vision
nette de la chose. A titre illustratif, le père d’une famille peut faire appel
au féticheur suite au décès d’un enfant pour savoir les causes du décès de l’enfant ;
ou encore, le chef de famille peut aussi faire appel au féticheur pour avoirs
des éclaircies sur le décès de son/sa petit (e) fils/fille. Notons que, le père
de famille doit prendre des dispositions pour éviter que de telles situations retouchent
encore sa famille. Dans la plus part des cas, si c’est un (e) sorcier (e) qui a
causé le préjudice <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>à sa famille, il peut
aller jusqu’à chercher l’élimination de cette dernière.</span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><b> </b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><b>*</b><span style="font: 7pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">L’idole</span></b>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; margin: 7pt 0cm; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Les
Guidar, pour implorer leur Dieu, conçoivent une sorte d’idole à base d’un
canari dont le bas est troué. Le canari est alors renversé et rempli de terre.
Le <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tout est appelé <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tuya</i>. L’on procède alors à la bénédiction par des sacrifices
d’animaux (poulet essentiellement). La bénédiction se fait soit avec du sang soit
avec du foie braisé. Le père de la famille étant le garant de la tradition
exécute les rites tout en prononçant des porales invocateur du Dieu.</span></p>
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<![endif]-->Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-26864824979182671392018-01-07T13:00:00.018+01:002021-06-01T08:18:53.312+01:00Le Peuple Guidar
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Par Zachari HAMAN </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><br /></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"></span></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDF-TqWTstwXmUXu-U0R5BxXz9QCQ5ojKytCKbW_ABGfmBcC3hpfrRs3o_SbvoHzXEdx8trGGk0PT51Hb4bqFt4ihfjVIQaVEAk3cTdop5YqXCLMKEsNbGx_Fup3WJoay6hGmJbkMTbNWG/s601/Zahari+HAMAN.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="601" data-original-width="600" height="101" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhDF-TqWTstwXmUXu-U0R5BxXz9QCQ5ojKytCKbW_ABGfmBcC3hpfrRs3o_SbvoHzXEdx8trGGk0PT51Hb4bqFt4ihfjVIQaVEAk3cTdop5YqXCLMKEsNbGx_Fup3WJoay6hGmJbkMTbNWG/w100-h101/Zahari+HAMAN.jpg" width="100" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Localisés au Cameroun, Tchad et Cote
d’Ivoire, les Guidar sont un peuple venu du Sud-Soudan, faisant groupe avec les
Néo-soudaniens tels que : les Guizga, Moundang, Mousgoum, … Au Cameroun,
on les retrouve en majorité dans la Région du Nord, le département du
Mayo-Louti (Guider) où ils fondent un lamidat. Dans ce département, les Guidar
sont cantonnés au pied des montagnes. </div><p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;"><span></span>Comme tout
autre peuple du monde, les Guidar sont reconnus par différents traits culturels
à l’instar des danses, mets, rites et coutumes.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: normal; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-language: FR;">Parlant des
danses notamment, on y retrouve différents types :</span></p>
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<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Date"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text First Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Note Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Body Text Indent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Block Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Hyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="FollowedHyperlink"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="22" QFormat="true" Name="Strong"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="20" QFormat="true" Name="Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Document Map"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Plain Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="E-mail Signature"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Top of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Bottom of Form"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal (Web)"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Acronym"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Address"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Cite"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Code"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Definition"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Keyboard"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Preformatted"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Sample"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Typewriter"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="HTML Variable"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Normal Table"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="annotation subject"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="No List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Outline List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Simple 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Classic 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Colorful 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Columns 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Grid 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 7"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table List 8"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table 3D effects 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Contemporary"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Elegant"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Professional"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Subtle 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Web 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Balloon Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" Name="Table Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" UnhideWhenUsed="true"
Name="Table Theme"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Placeholder Text"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="1" QFormat="true" Name="No Spacing"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" SemiHidden="true" Name="Revision"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="34" QFormat="true"
Name="List Paragraph"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="29" QFormat="true" Name="Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="30" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Quote"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="60" Name="Light Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="61" Name="Light List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="62" Name="Light Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="63" Name="Medium Shading 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="64" Name="Medium Shading 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="65" Name="Medium List 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="66" Name="Medium List 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="67" Name="Medium Grid 1 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="68" Name="Medium Grid 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="69" Name="Medium Grid 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="70" Name="Dark List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="71" Name="Colorful Shading Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="72" Name="Colorful List Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="73" Name="Colorful Grid Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="19" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="21" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Emphasis"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="31" QFormat="true"
Name="Subtle Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="32" QFormat="true"
Name="Intense Reference"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="33" QFormat="true" Name="Book Title"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="37" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" Name="Bibliography"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="39" SemiHidden="true"
UnhideWhenUsed="true" QFormat="true" Name="TOC Heading"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="41" Name="Plain Table 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="42" Name="Plain Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="43" Name="Plain Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="44" Name="Plain Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="45" Name="Plain Table 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="40" Name="Grid Table Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="Grid Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="Grid Table 2 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="Grid Table 3 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="Grid Table 4 Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46" Name="List Table 1 Light"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51" Name="List Table 6 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52" Name="List Table 7 Colorful"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
Name="List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="46"
Name="List Table 1 Light Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="47" Name="List Table 2 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="48" Name="List Table 3 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="49" Name="List Table 4 Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="50" Name="List Table 5 Dark Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="51"
Name="List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5"/>
<w:LsdException Locked="false" Priority="52"
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<![endif]--><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">- </span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">La danse
du Guma</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">La danse du Guma ou danse Guma se pratique au rythme
d’un grand tambour appelé « Guma », taillé à base du bois à la taille
du batteur.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Cette danse a pris ses
origines pendant la période d’invasion coloniale (occidentale et peule). Durant
cette période, les Guidar, pour vaincre l’ennemi, ont adopté ce type de danse.
Elle est composée de : un tambour taillé à la taille du batteur (ceci pour
permettre à ce dernier de se cacher derrière pour échapper aux flèches et
autres attaques) ; des lances avec lesquelles les hommes dansent derrière
les filles ; des cachots permettant aux filles de protéger leur partie
intime. La chorégraphie est faite de telle sorte que les filles se placent
devant, les hommes derrière elles et le batteur au fond de ceux-ci. Une fois
l’ennemi en vue, le batteur change de rythme. Ce faisant, le signal est alors
donné aux filles de faire tomber leurs pagnes. L’ennemi, face à ces filles
dépouillées de leur intimité, passe son temps à contempler la beauté de la
nature ce qui donne le temps aux populations de fuir et de se cacher dans les
grottes. Pendant que l’ennemi passe son temps à observer, les danseurs
l’attaquent avec leurs lances. </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Cet outil de danse a été utilisé plus tard dans la
communication : lors de l’annonce des fêtes traditionnelles, de la
naissance des jumeaux, d’évènements nouveaux dans les villages, du décès du
chef traditionnel, …</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aujourd’hui, cette danse est utilisée dans les
meetings politiques, lors des tournées de l’autorité compétente ainsi que lors
d’une visite d’un chef d’État au Cameroun (Président Chinois par exemple,
2005). Cette danse a aussi été utilisée pour représenter le Cameroun pendant
plusieurs années lors de la commémoration du 14 juillet en France.</span></p><p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">- Le
Kokou ou danse de Kokou</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Danse faite au rythme d’un instrument en forme de guitare
(à deux fils) qui consiste à chanter et glorifier une personnalité quelconque
dans l’optique de mendier par exemple. </span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Le
Gazanvela</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">L’instrument utilisé est le même que précédemment,
mais à la seule différence qu’on emploie un nombre d’acteur plus important. Des
hommes bien robustes et les femmes aux voies étincelantes sont choisis ;
les premiers pour être danseurs et les second pour chanter.<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Le
Pozloro ou danse de Pozloro</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Il s’agit d’une sorte de flute qui est fabriquée à
base d’une tige de sorgho (blanc ou rouge essentiellement). Cette danse
consiste aussi à chanter pour louer ou magnifier le chef ou une personnalité
importante.</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo1; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;">-<span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Le
Deguela</span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">L’instrument utilisé ici est de taille réduite par
rapport au Guma. Le batteur le maintien <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>entre ses cuisses. Les danseurs quant à eux
utilisent un autre outil fait à base de coquille d’escargot et de la cire.
Ceux-ci chantent tout en tournant en ronde autour du batteur. Le batteur change
de rythme, laissant place aux hommes de montrer leur robustesse. Ceci en
donnant un coup de pied à celui qui se trouve devant.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Notons au bas de cette description que toutes ces
danses sont exécutées <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>à des périodes
bien déterminées de l’année. Et pour compléter ce qui est dit plus haut, nous
avons entre autre : Le Guma et le Pozoloro qui s’exécutent lors de la fête
du village et des jumeaux ; le Deguela, lors de la fête des récoltes et
des funérailles ; le Gazanvela, lors de toute autre cérémonie de grandeur
nature. Au-delà du caractère culturel, ces différentes danses revêtent des
aspects sociaux ; ceci parce qu’elles constituent un lieu de rencontre
entre des personnes de divers horizons du Pays Guidar mais surtout que les
hommes à la recherche d’une conjointe en trouvent facilement le moyen d’en
aborder en ces lieux et par là, avoir « la chance de s’en procurer
une » au final d’une telle manifestation. </span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">- Les rites
traditionnels</span></b>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Notons que, chez les Guidar, les rites traditionnels
différent en fonction des temps, des villages, des familles… Pour cela nous avons
plusieurs groupes à savoir :</span></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 36.0pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;"><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">* Les rites organisés par le chef
traditionnel ou chef de terre</span></b></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Ceux-ci sont organisés pour un but collectif du
village. Par conséquent, le chef de terre fait venir un féticheur (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">mǝsǝkheligi</i>) qui invoque les dieux des ancêtres
afin de pouvoir prédire ce qui peut advenir de bon ou de mauvais dans le
village. Cela arrive le plus souvent lors de l’approche des fêtes
traditionnelles du village. On note essentiellement : les cas
d’empoisonnement occasionné par un ennemi et des cas de sorcellerie
(maladies, malédiction…). C’est souvent pourquoi dans les mythes du pays <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">kaɗa</i> on a attendu qu’un village a causé
une maladie quelconque dans un autre. Après s’être informé par le féticheur, le
chef du village annonce la nouvelle à son messager qui à son tour pourra relayer
l’information auprès des familles. Le plus souvent, le messager passe
l’information par un appel sonore (<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">wǝtǝlma)
</i>au sommet d’une montagne ; ou alors le messager peut passer maison par
maison, chose difficile à faire.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aussi, le chef de terre peut faire appel à son
féticheur pour préparer les fêtes de début de saison pluvieuse et de
récoltes ; ceci pour chasser le malheur du village ou pour bénir le
village. Parlant de la fête du début de saison pluvieuse, le féticheur
recommande davantage aux habitants de bénir leurs champs avec soit de la
cendre, soit avec du sang des animaux (poulet, mouton…). Pour la fête de
récolte, le féticheur peut faire des présages non heureux pour le village à
l’instar de l’arrivée de la famine. Quitte à chaque famille de se préparer en fonction
de la situation annoncée. </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Aux cotés des ces rites traditionnels, s’ajoutent
les feux de brousses qui sont effectivement organisés sous les ordres du chef
du village. Ces feux annoncent la fin de la saison pluvieuse même comme par
moment l’on note des pluies qui viennent arroser les dégâts causés par ces
derniers. Les gens sont alors appelés à se retrouver quelque part pour
allumer<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>ces feux. On y récolte
essentiellement les criquets, les souris et autres rongeurs, etc. </span></p><p><b>*</b><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Les lites organisés individuellement
par le chef d’une famille</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></p><p style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Le chef d’une famille, en fonction des circonstances
éprouvées ou des événements qu’il aimerait organiser, <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>fera appel au féticheur pour avoir une vision
nette de la chose. A titre illustratif, le père d’une famille peut faire appel
au féticheur suite au décès d’un enfant pour savoir les causes du décès de l’enfant ;
ou encore, le chef de famille peut aussi faire appel au féticheur pour avoirs
des éclaircies sur le décès de son/sa petit (e) fils/fille. Notons que, le père
de famille doit prendre des dispositions pour éviter que de telles situations retouchent
encore sa famille. Dans la plus part des cas, si c’est un (e) sorcier (e) qui a
causé le préjudice <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>à sa famille, il peut
aller jusqu’à chercher l’élimination de cette dernière.</span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><b> </b></span></span></p><p><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-family: Wingdings; mso-fareast-font-family: Wingdings;"><span style="mso-list: Ignore;"><b>*</b><span style="font: 7.0pt "Times New Roman";"> </span></span></span><b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;">L’idole</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"></span>
</p><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 7.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 7.0pt; mso-hyphenate: none; text-align: justify;"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><span> </span><span> </span><span> </span>Les
Guidar, pour implorer leur Dieu, conçoivent une sorte d’idole à base d’un
canari dont le bas est troué. Le canari est alors renversé et rempli de terre.
Le <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>tout est appelé <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">tuya</i>. L’on procède alors à la bénédiction par des sacrifices
d’animaux (poulet essentiellement). La bénédiction se fait soit avec du sang soit
avec du foie braisé. Le père de la famille étant le garant de la tradition
exécute les rites tout en prononçant des porales invocateur du Dieu.</span></p>
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<![endif]-->Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-56561201657290501832017-12-17T17:33:00.002+01:002017-12-17T18:28:48.331+01:00Magazine du Premier Festival Culturel Guidar<h3 style="text-align: center;">
Novembre 2017</h3>
<iframe height="480" src="https://docs.google.com/file/d/1TbmeOx1bJy2r00gktITwNx2xBgSoRMXP/preview" width="640"></iframe> Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-36221649873008543872017-11-11T18:30:00.001+01:002017-12-17T17:26:09.682+01:00Discours du President du Guma-ASPROCG<h3 style="text-align: center;">
GUMA-Premier Festival Culturel Guidar </h3>
<h4 style="text-align: center;">
Guider, du 3 au 5 novembre 2017</h4>
<iframe height="480" src="https://docs.google.com/file/d/1QqrkrZilSRx2jOIuOd0mUM_aoG5gyucR/preview" width="640"></iframe> Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-75776377289801556142017-10-23T09:08:00.001+01:002017-10-23T09:08:21.811+01:00Guma - Premier Festival Culturel Guidar <h3>
Du 3 au 5 novembre 2017 à Guider</h3>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe width="320" height="266" class="YOUTUBE-iframe-video" data-thumbnail-src="https://i.ytimg.com/vi/Z8fYFzhchYo/0.jpg" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Z8fYFzhchYo?feature=player_embedded" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen></iframe></div>
<div>
<br /></div>
Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-30016972064676923722017-10-21T10:38:00.000+01:002017-10-21T11:02:14.089+01:00May zidde det paslkandawke<h4 style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<i><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Mezignezigne ka</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ</span></i><i><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">na</span></i><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">,<o:p></o:p></span></h4>
<h2 style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl"; font-size: 15pt; line-height: 150%;">May ziëëe dét paslkandawké</span></b></h2>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl"; text-indent: 0cm;">Gémndék na Méli</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif; text-indent: 0cm;">ƴ </span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl"; text-indent: 0cm;">témbat iyyaë heyëeñëe.</span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Yañ Sleëu ampa harata.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Yañ tél éwulliné.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Yañ méya Sleëu aka kita
ana Méli</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ƴ </span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">da kana.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Sleëu, nok kami kémpa
harat Gémndék na Méli</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ƴ </span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">di
?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Ya naw an Buwén aziyék na,
négil na äa ka</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ</span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">na, mi néda égëa émpa di.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Vasna, méyani Buwén tamé,
méttokoni : nok pay na éziy nok dégap äana mi déray kéziy di ? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Buwén amna : Kétéwér na
Méliny déda ézla, ndénni néziy, ka émtani.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Ya Kétéwér, nok kami kéda
ézla ladi ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Karñgbahak téëi suw offo,
ya kevile mékklakañ na azlé na äa mbar di.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Karñgbaha, nok kami kéëi
sén offo sén Kétéwér na Méliny di ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Méli</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ƴ</span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">a, Bekne metiñ metiñ dé ndap wé gé</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ </span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">na néfir na péluw äa ka</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ</span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">na, dévawisa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Bekne, nok médéray ké
ñdapét Karñgbahak di ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Haya, ko metiñ nan zleñ
na, Bérya dédegéñ aslémaw kitik na nénzaw na äasa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Dé énzawi néndapét
Karñgbahak äana, nzeëi äa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Bérya, nok mi Bekne agéd
suk kélgéñ asléma</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ
</span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">kitik di ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Ya Timtim, Kirtukéñ déda
émasañ aka harawéñ gézloñgonñ ka, vini ndaw éëam sit a sléma bekne.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Kirni, nokum kam kéda
émasañ aka hara Bérya va</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ </span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">la
di ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Kiri</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ </span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">azlanañ na, ébba, aka hara
Bérya méda émas äa. Aka Mésgele déda éñza</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ </span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">kélazamé.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Mésgele, nok mi déda é</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ</span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">zogok di ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Dohoã dédegé</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ </span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">goãhoãk ambet gelew na, né</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ</span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">zawna äa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Dohoã, nok kami kétoñ amba
Mésgele di ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Énkile dézzoñ ékénéhéñ vov
nawa, ya</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ </span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">né</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ</span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">zaga</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ </span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">kiwa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Énkile, nokum séñga kézzo</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ </span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">étoñ aka Dohoã di ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Paslka</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ</span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">dawék téda émas ha gédévét äéhé.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Paslkandaw, émas mi as ha
gédévuk äéhéñ di ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">A, Milinya, képa mésé dét
Ziëëeké. Yañ nénasét na appay moko, ta éñger äa. Yañ némna néppay séta na, yañ
kiyit aäéñkété. Ndé</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ
</span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">démasgéwa.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Yañ Méli</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ƴ </span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">anah ka</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ</span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">na : is Ziëëek kpak, nok zéga mi nam nam na
képpay na mok äa di. Més esekelek kéna</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ </span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">pkaké.
Yañ mérgét Ziëëek dé gabaga. Vini daga seza dépas na, kiyét Ziëëek asa</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ </span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">babar é</span><span style="font-family: "cambria" , serif;">ŋ</span><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">ka.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<i><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";"><br /></span></i></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<i><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Baymet yeski.</span></i><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div align="left" class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: 0cm;">
<b><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">Zloktor Ëéfisa na Vondu </span></b><span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";">dénéh mamba mamba vañ
éska.<o:p></o:p></span><br />
<span style="font-family: "cam cam sildoulosl";"><br /></span></div>
Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0Guider, Cameroun9.9256779 13.9434034999999319.8631144 13.862722499999931 9.9882414 14.024084499999931tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-76259747051678967962017-07-14T17:55:00.002+01:002017-07-27T09:08:38.960+01:00Premier Festival Culturel Guidar<br />
<div>
<h2 class="article_title" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: -1.5px; line-height: 54px; margin: 0.75em 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: left;">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: normal; margin: 9pt 0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , serif; font-size: 24pt;">Premier Festival de la Culture Guidar du 03 au 05
Novembre 2017 à Guider</span><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; font-size: 18pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
</h2>
<div class="dropcap" style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 0px none; color: #c4494b; float: left; font-size: 80px; font-stretch: normal; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 60px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 8px 0px 0px;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif;">C</span></div>
<div style="background-color: #f9f9f9; border: 0px none; color: #555555; direction: ltr; letter-spacing: -0.5px; line-height: 20.8px; margin-bottom: 1.5em; margin-top: 1.5em; padding: 0px; text-align: justify;">
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">a y est ! La 2e Assemblée générale ordinaire
(AGO) de notre association, GUMA-ASPROCG, va se tenir cette année, les 3, 4 et 5
novembre, à Guider, son siège. Couplé à cet événement, aura lieu la toute
première édition du festival culturel guidar. </span><span style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzozIjSqgg4JOvl0e5-dVqQSf5dtPRSsVej-EZCq4VzZas02LEJNEHR8k1Ac1mxCk39SRpVyuBeAKPO1RyJyxcDAXjFm7uQOGewZ_kP5JMLloS15EgFUrKZa1cluurSQXJCiPhP_MKeUeG/s1600/Plaquette+2e+AG+Guma+2017_0001+-+Copie.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1600" data-original-width="1133" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgzozIjSqgg4JOvl0e5-dVqQSf5dtPRSsVej-EZCq4VzZas02LEJNEHR8k1Ac1mxCk39SRpVyuBeAKPO1RyJyxcDAXjFm7uQOGewZ_kP5JMLloS15EgFUrKZa1cluurSQXJCiPhP_MKeUeG/s400/Plaquette+2e+AG+Guma+2017_0001+-+Copie.jpg" width="281" /></a><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Pour des raisons diverses, nous n’avons pu
tenir le rythme normal d’une assemblée tous les deux ans. En effet, après la
première AGO de 2011, nous aurions dû en tenir une en 2013 et une autre en
2015. On n’a pas pu le faire. Qu’à cela ne tienne, aujourd’hui, nous sommes
décidés à organiser cette importante rencontre qui apparaît, au vu du succès
des deux précédentes assemblées (l’Assemblée générale constitutive de 2009 et
la 1ère AGO de 2011) comme des grands moments de retrouvailles et de réflexion
pour le peuple guidar. Nous allons y faire le point de l’évolution de notre
association et prendre les résolutions pour lui redonner un nouvel élan. Il
s’agira également d’une assemblée élective. Plusieurs membres du Bureau
exécutif et du Comité permanent des conseillers nous ont définitivement quittés
depuis la dernière occasion. Il faudrait donc les remplacer. Mais aussi et
surtout, il faudrait donner l’occasion à ceux et celles de nos frères et sœurs
qui ont de meilleures potentialités et dispositions de prendre des
responsabilités pour booster le fonctionnement de notre association. J’en
appelle donc à tous ceux qui souhaitent assumer des postes de responsabilité au
sein des différents organes de notre association de se préparer en conséquence
en se mettant en règle : disposer d’une carte de membre en bonne et due forme
et s’être acquitté de toutes ses cotisations.</span><span style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Un événement pouvant en cacher un autre, nous
avons décidé d’organiser concomitamment la première édition du festival
culturel guidar. Qu’est-ce qu’un festival ? Pourquoi organiser un festival
guidar ?</span><span style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Parmi les nombreuses définitions qu’en donnent
les spécialistes, on peut retenir tout simplement qu’un festival est une
manifestation à caractère festif, organisée à époque fixe et récurrente
(annuellement, le plus souvent) autour d'une activité liée au spectacle
(musique, cinéma), aux arts, aux loisirs, etc., d'une durée de un ou
plusieurs jours. Luc Benito dans son ouvrage Les festivals en France : Marchés
– enjeux et alchimie définit le festival comme « une forme de fête unique,
célébration publique d’un genre artistique dans un espace-temps réduit ». De
cette définition, on comprend qu’un festival est un projet « détonnant » dans
la mesure où chaque festival est un évènement « unique » en son genre et
festif.</span><span style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Un internaute publiait sur sa page Facebook le
9 novembre 2012 un article sur la prolifération des festivals culturels au
Cameroun. Il citait notamment le Nguon chez les Bamoun, le Ngondo du peuple
Duala, le Mbog-lia des Bassa ou encore le festival culturel Yem-Yem. On
pourrait en ajouter bien d’autres comme le Tokna Massana qui vient de tenir en
avril dernier sa 6e édition à Bongor. Et il s’interrogeait : « Et si tout ce
vaste déploiement n’était que de la poudre aux yeux destinée à dissimuler stratégiquement
certaines manœuvres politiciennes inavouables ? Et si par malheur, ces
rendez-vous considérablement populaires préparaient sournoisement autre chose
que ce qui est généralement et généreusement proclamé à la face du monde
? »</span><span style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Alors, est-ce que l’organisation du festival
culturel guidar répond-il à la mode ou cache-t-il un agenda mesquin ?</span><span style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">En fait, organiser un festival c’est répondre
à un certain nombre de questions : Quoi ? Pourquoi ? Pour qui ? Comment ? Pour
nous, la réponse à ces questions éclaire en même temps notre réelle ambition.
Quoi ? Un festival culturel guidar. Pourquoi ? La question du bienfondé du
festival culturel guidar a été posée dès la naissance même de GUMA-ASPROCG. Les
réflexions qui ont mené à la création de l’association ont identifié
l’organisation d’un festival culturel comme instrument indispensable pour la
sauvegarde et la promotion de la culture guidar. La première AGO a également
adopté le festival parmi les actions du programme. Pour qui ? Pour le peuple
guidar, d’abord, mais aussi pour tous les peuples du Mayo Louti et tous hommes
intéressés par la culture universelle. Comment ou quel contenu ? Notre festival
culturel comportera des danses et chants traditionnels ; les prestations des
artistes-musiciens modernes guidar ; des expositions de l’art et de la cuisine
guidar ; la construction d’une concession guidar ; des conférences-débats. En
clair, le festival culturel entre dans le cadre des actions phares qui doivent
concourir à la défense et à la promotion de la culture guidar, comme défini par
notre association culturelle, GUMA-ASPROCG. C’est tout, c’est grandiose, c’est
vital pour les Guidar et pour la culture tout court, c’est noble ! Il n’est
donc pas nécessaire de lui trouver une autre raison d’être.</span><span style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Cela étant, le festival culturel guidar
n’occupe pas tout l’espace des festivals dans notre département ou chez Guidar.
Des festivals similaires peuvent être organisés par les peuples voisins, ce qui
serait une bonne chose pour l’expression de la diversité culturelle du
Cameroun. Des festivals thématiques autour de la danse, des chants, de
l’artisanat, peuvent être organisés par d’autres associations ; par exemple des
organisations estudiantines. Chaque festival ayant son propre champ d’action,
sa définition dans le temps et dans l’espace, il ne saurait y avoir de
concurrence malsaine.</span><span style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Ceci étant posé, la phase pratique de
l’organisation de notre festival a commencé. Nous avons adopté le nom :
GUMA-Festival culturel guidar. Pourquoi GUMA ? Le guma, c’est le grand tamtam
qui symbolise la danse la plus populaire en pays guidar et qui se joue lors des
plus grands événements : les fêtes annuelles des villages, la fête des jumeaux
et, de nos jours, toutes les grandes manifestations publiques. C’est le nom et
le logo qui sont également liés à notre association culturelle, GUMA-ASPROCG.
Un logo du festival a également été adopté, consistant en un cercle comportant
au centre le guma devant une montagne, symbolisant les lieux d’implantation des
principaux villages du pays guidar ; le nom du festival et en guidar, la phrase
Ma henzi? net ?iy na Ka?a qui veut dire « culture guidar » sont inscrits autour
de ces symboles. Le thème général du festival est "Environnement, culture
et santé : des évolutions à maîtriser". Il est question de nous interroger
sur les conséquences de la dégradation de notre environnement. La culture,
c’est l’adaptation d’un peuple à son environnement. Si celui-ci change
profondément, soit le peuple adapte sa culture pour continuer à y vivre, soit
il migre ou il disparaît. La tendance actuelle à la migration des Guidar hors
de leur territoire d’origine sera-t-elle la seule réponse au changement de leur
environnement ? Telle est la problématique que nous aurons à affronter de plus
en plus. Le lieu sera Guider, capitale du pays guidar et siège de notre
association. Les dates : les 3, 4 et 5 novembre 2017. Parmi les outils de
promotion de l’image du festival, nous avons décidé de confectionner un pagne.
Des commissions ont été mises en place. </span><span style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Les préparatifs sont donc bien lancés. Nous
sommes notamment à la recherche des financements. Tous les Guidar, fiers de
leur culture, doivent se mobiliser comme un seul homme pour la réussite de cet
événement essentiel pour leur survie. Aucun apport, quel qu’il soit, ne sera de
trop pour organiser une belle fête à Guider. Vous pouvez et devez vous servir
de ce site internet de notre association pour faire vos propositions. Mais nous
invitons aussi tous ceux qui animent des réseaux sociaux ou des groupes de
discussions sur Whatapp et autres mailings groupes de partager les points de
vue constructifs sur cet événement.</span><span style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<br /></div>
<div align="right" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><span style="line-height: 150%;">Albert Douffissa</span><span style="line-height: 150%;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div align="right" style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; text-align: right;">
<span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;">Président du BE de
GUMA-ASPROCG et du Festival GUMA</span></span><br />
<span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span>
<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK7bb2EIRAMjR22etoPcIGHPDKfsaeg5AQCJUp87EI_pH6u7mlp3j4mJrDeFuhyphenhyphenS2eyTfiWO-QAMewSdLmq_V63BSwzZ4TYRnnsxKuYrU4Dc0R72LkiOm-bEYBbP6v6qhTSLwegEVBBDqg/s1600/logo+def.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" data-original-height="1575" data-original-width="1575" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgK7bb2EIRAMjR22etoPcIGHPDKfsaeg5AQCJUp87EI_pH6u7mlp3j4mJrDeFuhyphenhyphenS2eyTfiWO-QAMewSdLmq_V63BSwzZ4TYRnnsxKuYrU4Dc0R72LkiOm-bEYBbP6v6qhTSLwegEVBBDqg/s320/logo+def.png" width="320" /></a></div>
<span style="line-height: 150%;"><span style="font-family: "georgia" , "times new roman" , serif; font-size: large;"><br /></span></span></div>
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Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0Guider, Cameroun9.9256779 13.9434034999999319.8631144 13.862722499999931 9.9882414 14.024084499999931tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-88657150651261742852016-07-15T18:48:00.000+01:002016-07-15T18:48:24.181+01:00Un moment de Danse Guma<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
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<br />Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-60232090354014735252015-06-22T16:56:00.001+01:002015-06-22T16:56:48.532+01:00Hymne National du Cameroun en Guidar<iframe allowfullscreen="" frameborder="0" height="344" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/jVxNM0K7WRU" width="459"></iframe>Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-80917903471673598122015-05-21T16:48:00.001+01:002015-05-21T16:48:37.808+01:00Gǝlia Marba Dǝlev Namǝ (Ô Cameroun berceau de nos ancêtres)<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
</div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<iframe allowfullscreen='allowfullscreen' webkitallowfullscreen='webkitallowfullscreen' mozallowfullscreen='mozallowfullscreen' width='320' height='266' src='https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dzqglHJVvY9WAZKdnSVm1VDCLCJk2VG_Sx8-8Isu-7F9mH6JNBj1nUhUUyqA-l-wfKcJoL_saUs78hjSp9ssQ' class='b-hbp-video b-uploaded' frameborder='0'></iframe></div>
<div style="border-bottom: solid #5B9BD5 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: none; border-top: solid #5B9BD5 1.0pt; margin-left: 43.2pt; margin-right: 43.2pt; mso-border-bottom-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-bottom-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-alt: solid #5B9BD5 .5pt; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-border-top-themecolor: accent1; mso-element: para-border-div; padding: 10.0pt 0cm 10.0pt 0cm;">
<div class="MsoIntenseQuote" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin: 0cm;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gǝlia Marba Dǝlev Namǝ</span></b></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
</div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-indent: 35.4pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Couplet</i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
Aw Kamerun gǝla
marbet deŋgiɗmǝ.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
Adaw daŋga dǝ
kotorok naŋgla Zazaya.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
Va paya gabaya nok
dǝsan gǝni</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
Mahenzin ɓǝɓǝl na
ǝtaf gǝm ǝslere</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kǝta kirtuk pak sǝ tapaslay pay pak</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dǝsoŋgǝn dǝ ǝŋgla pay pakǝ.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Əgǝɗ suk Weza dǝsan an anadaw kaya</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Na ǝkǝnahan Weza net pay pakǝ.</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Refrain</span></i></b></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dǝlǝv namǝ delǝv mǝŋgluwen</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Iste kaka ǝnnek nam gesiŋ</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ənnek nam gǝm ǝmpǝs namǝ</span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 70.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm;">
<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sukiyi ǝŋgla dǝ ǝdiy kiyuk pakǝ.</span></div>
Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-81699840128862481892015-05-18T20:00:00.002+01:002021-06-01T08:27:38.263+01:00NOTRE CITOYENNETÉ CAMEROUNAISE EXPRIMÉE À TRAVERS NOS IDIOMES<!--[if !mso]>
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Par Christian TOUMBA
PATALÉ<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3372630614856555296#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1cm;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYjhtLpZnle1jSaBNfiv9yNW9y1blryqfmceunvD5XfCdtFtj8VIIeyNytRZgWSI9Bd9F5ejFDjQrUsFNPK0h6qiwPKNeyeC0nvdHokQCAcooktW69xEIP02ufXY7PiUDlx1aByAg6oAoh/s1600/Drapeau.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;"><img alt="" border="0" height="133" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYjhtLpZnle1jSaBNfiv9yNW9y1blryqfmceunvD5XfCdtFtj8VIIeyNytRZgWSI9Bd9F5ejFDjQrUsFNPK0h6qiwPKNeyeC0nvdHokQCAcooktW69xEIP02ufXY7PiUDlx1aByAg6oAoh/s200/Drapeau.jpg" title="Drapeau du Cameroun" width="200" /></a> S’il y a un élément
qui, en plus du nom d’un pays, du drapeau, du territoire et des pièces
d’identité, permet de reconnaître la nationalité d’un peuple c’est, bel et
bien, son hymne national. Chant solennel en l’honneur de la patrie, l’hymne
national exprime de façon poétique la joie et l’enthousiasme d’appartenir à une
nation. Symphonique ou non, les hymnes nationaux sont généralement adaptés aux
réalités musicales locales. C’est dire que, par-delà le style classique que la
sonorité d’un hymne national peut avoir, les styles musicaux que peut charrier
celui-ci sont multiformes. Chants de ralliement ou de prière, les hymnes
nationaux portent en eux l’esprit même des nations. Le <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Ô Cameroun berceau de nos ancêtres</i> ou <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">O Cameroon, Thou Cradle of our Fathers</i> ne déroge pas à une telle
logique.</div>
<br />
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Tirant ses origines d’un chant
patriotique de ralliement composé en 1928<a href="https://www.blogger.com/null" name="_GoBack"></a> à l’École
Normale de la Mission Presbytérienne de Foulassi, l’hymne national du Cameroun
est adopté par l’Assemblée Législative du Cameroun (ALCAM) à travers la Loi n°
57/47 du 5 novembre 1957, loi portant création d’un hymne de l’État du
Cameroun. <span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>Le contexte de composition de
l’hymne est, en effet, lié au contexte de la visite du gouverneur français Marchand.
La musique composée par Moïse Nyatte Nko’o et René Jam Afane est adaptée au
texte écrit pas Samuel Minkio Bamba. Après son adoption, l’hymne subit des
modifications, notamment pour des raisons de conformité historiques et
socio-psychologiques. C’est la Loi n° 70/LF/4 du 20 mai 1970 qui apportera ces
modifications dans le texte original.</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1cm;">
Loin de la<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> barbarie </i>et de la<i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> sauvagerie </i>d’en
tant ce sont, désormais, la <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">jalousie de
la liberté</i>, l’unité <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">du Nord au Sud,
de l’Est à l’Ouest</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">le service</i>,
le <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">devoir patriotique</i>, le <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">vrai bonheur</i>, <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">l’amour et le grand honneur</i> qui sont exaltés et proclamés de façon
solennelle tant à l’intérieur qu’à l’extérieur du territoire national. Il va
quand même falloir attendre la Loi n° 78/02 du 12 juillet 1978 pour voir
l’officialisation des deux versions de l’hymne (en français et en anglais),
ceci matérialisant le caractère bilinguiste et biculturaliste des institutions
et des administrations étatiques et nationales. Les camerounais, à travers leur
diversité ethnique et linguistique, s’approprient dès lors les mots et les
textes de leur hymne, ceci à travers des processus d’inculturation ; il
s’agit principalement de la traduction de l’hymne national dans les langues
nationales. C’est ainsi que l’on aura par exemple l’hymne national camerounais
traduit en langue <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kaɗa </i>: <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Gǝlia
Marba Dǝlev Namǝ</i></b>.</div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><span style="color: windowtext; font-size: 24.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Gǝlia Marba Dǝlev Namǝ</span></b></div>
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<br /></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Couplet</i></b></div>
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Aw Kamerun gǝla
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Adaw daŋga dǝ
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Va paya gabaya nok
dǝsan gǝni</div>
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Mahenzin ɓǝɓǝl na
ǝtaf gǝm ǝslere</div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Kǝta kirtuk pak sǝ tapaslay pay pak</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dǝsoŋgǝn dǝ ǝŋgla pay pakǝ.</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Əgǝɗ suk Weza dǝsan an anadaw kaya</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Na ǝkǝnahan Weza net pay pakǝ.</span></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Refrain</span></i></b></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Dǝlǝv namǝ delǝv mǝŋgluwen</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Iste kaka ǝnnek nam gesiŋ</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Ənnek nam gǝm ǝmpǝs namǝ</span></div>
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<span lang="EN-US" style="mso-ansi-language: EN-US;">Sukiyi ǝŋgla dǝ ǝdiy kiyuk pakǝ.</span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 1cm;">
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSGk-7lLgwglTWmKjW7rpSyaHQ3gJLVfRLuiGFxzvFp61y383ymCjdnRI3uXE9gz6rLrhvakfiZu_LxxpL0HVXDEmaca2J4YaNlgK0e2XILOsZx_9tQvN1ZE9BGQJYJC_9m-mLiZhdjI6d/s1600/Finale+2005b+-+%5BHymne+Nation+du+Cameroun-Partition-Une+voix+-+001+trumpet(s)%5D-Couleurs_0001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="640" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSGk-7lLgwglTWmKjW7rpSyaHQ3gJLVfRLuiGFxzvFp61y383ymCjdnRI3uXE9gz6rLrhvakfiZu_LxxpL0HVXDEmaca2J4YaNlgK0e2XILOsZx_9tQvN1ZE9BGQJYJC_9m-mLiZhdjI6d/s640/Finale+2005b+-+%5BHymne+Nation+du+Cameroun-Partition-Une+voix+-+001+trumpet(s)%5D-Couleurs_0001.jpg" width="452" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Partition musicale de l'Hymne national du Cameroun en Guidar</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />
Nous nous proposons, de ce fait,
de vulgariser<span style="mso-spacerun: yes;"> </span>cet hymne national
camerounais en langue <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kaɗa</i>. Il est
question pour nous d’exprimer <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">notre
citoyenneté camerounaise à travers notre idiome</i>. Une telle manière de
procéder s’inscrit aussi dans le sillage des volontés étatiques de promotion de
nos langues maternelles et nationales. À titre informatif, le texte de l’hymne
national camerounais a été traduit en langue guidar par un groupe d’enseignants
en juillet 2000.</div>
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Pour des difficultés d’ordre
technique, la partition musicale que nous proposons ne contient pas le texte
écrit avec les lettres de l’alphabet guidar (le <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ǝ</i></b> y est par exemple
remplacé par <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">eu</i></b>, le <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ɓ</i></b> par <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">b</i></b>, le <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ŋ</i></b>
par <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ng</i></b>
et le <b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">ɗ</i></b> par<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;"><i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;"> d</i></b>). À chaque fois, l’utilisateur
pourra se référer au texte même de l’hymne national en langue <i style="mso-bidi-font-style: normal;">Kaɗa</i>. Aussi, il importe de relever que des
amendements peuvent éventuellement être apportés à notre partition musicale.<br />
<br />
<div style="mso-element: footnote-list;">
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<a href="https://www.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=3372630614856555296#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" style="mso-footnote-id: ftn1;" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , "serif"; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 150%;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a>
Étudiant-chercheur, Université de Dschang, Ouest-Cameroun.</div>
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Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-67205845246744835242014-12-02T13:59:00.000+01:002014-12-08T13:41:30.336+01:00« L’ÉCOLE » CHEZ LES « ƊIY NA KAƊA » : HIER ET AUJOURD’HUI<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: left;">
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;">Par
Justine TEMEYISSA PATALÉ</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference" style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 150%;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span></a></span></div>
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMXrg1Z1W-RcXKPyuz-qJ9lZIb7zcIUpmVnMVc9GOlBwmc1IqCZRKhoggJ8FWX3W28WpmlLEWZdm2zkH-MJxl59cqIJ59tuRhRrT9m9zgYe2YFox5Y5JLyBpd6fsmDmWBnwsnjjIgYBCLU/s1600/IMGP3528.JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMXrg1Z1W-RcXKPyuz-qJ9lZIb7zcIUpmVnMVc9GOlBwmc1IqCZRKhoggJ8FWX3W28WpmlLEWZdm2zkH-MJxl59cqIJ59tuRhRrT9m9zgYe2YFox5Y5JLyBpd6fsmDmWBnwsnjjIgYBCLU/s1600/IMGP3528.JPG" height="200" width="137" /></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Le mot école
dans sa définition désigne un établissement ou une institution où l’on enseigne
les éléments de lettres, de sciences et d’arts. Il s’agit aussi d’un ensemble
d’instructions et de moyens mis en œuvre pour assurer la formation et le
développement socio-culturels d’un être humain. Dans son acception moderne, le
terme est plus utilisé pour dénommer une institution bien structurée qui a pour
charge le suivi progressif, dans le temps, des capacités cognitives des hommes,
et l’insertion socioprofessionnelle de ceux-ci. C’est dire qu’il est question
du pôle infrastructurel qui est surtout pris en compte. Dans cet article il s’agit
de mettre en exergue la notion de l’école dans la société guidar,
spécifiquement les <i>« Ɗiy na Kaɗa »</i>.<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiyDKu-GjARCpeRK6Nt-d5pB8G580vG7zJ2FVJwwyyzEGN6wUqB6N3FSlR-BO88yvU5nfwsc8s1LUv5GMtyPWP1zVO0S2ScizVgot31OyyBMCT2zS4_AChVd5l8kRF5NbMr2gWHNjsnEGO/s1600/1-+Deux+%C3%A9l%C3%A8ves+%C3%A0+Guider+(2014).JPG" imageanchor="1" style="clear: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiiyDKu-GjARCpeRK6Nt-d5pB8G580vG7zJ2FVJwwyyzEGN6wUqB6N3FSlR-BO88yvU5nfwsc8s1LUv5GMtyPWP1zVO0S2ScizVgot31OyyBMCT2zS4_AChVd5l8kRF5NbMr2gWHNjsnEGO/s1600/1-+Deux+%C3%A9l%C3%A8ves+%C3%A0+Guider+(2014).JPG" height="320" width="250" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Deux élèves à Guider (2014)</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Le terme école
est désigné en langue guidar par l’expression <b>« Kiti na wyaka » </b>; littéralement <b>« kiti »</b> signifie
« endroit » et <b>« wyaka »</b>
« apprendre » : l’endroit où l’on apprend. Il y aurait
certainement eu l’influence occidentale dans une telle appellation. Car, la
définition du mot école semble alors dépendre du lieu où l’on se trouve pour
acquérir un certain nombre de connaissances. En tout état de cause c’est la
pensée de l’apprentissage qui est soulignée dans la thématique de l’école,
puisque apprendre, avons-nous dit, c’est acquérir des connaissances, mais aussi
et surtout, faut-il ajouter, une acquisition par un travail intellectuel et/ou
par expérience. <i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Toutefois,
selon la culture guidar, l’école désigne, dans un sens large du terme, le lieu
où l’on apprend les bonnes manières et le comment vivre : en plus du
savoir purement théorique, c’est le <i>savoir-faire</i>
et le savoir-<i>vivre</i> qu’il faut
envisager. L’enjeu est donc énorme : ce sont les idées de <i>pratiques</i>, d’<i>habileté</i>, etc., dans le sens de <i>faire</i>
(technique) et de <i>bien-être </i>ou de <i>bien se comporter</i> (sagesse) qui
sous-tendent l’idée d’école chez le Guidar. C’est pourquoi, l’apprentissage, dont
il est question ici, est ressenti de prime à bord, dans le quotidien de
celui-ci. Les activités cognitives sont le plus souvent reparties selon le
genre et l’âge. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw466Y8z_ba_d9ETIRei_kBzZPlY8NbdY2q65bYKEmxffGgZ7nUJAUZp2w_LeTk0xAlZb-9l1KSwJqtr0CoOSDZ7LHk6BND9Y5U-aU0LZQ3tTulLllTnJBLVvB1ziS87AwkGJrz3D5OS3X/s1600/2-+Femmes+entrain+de+travailler.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhw466Y8z_ba_d9ETIRei_kBzZPlY8NbdY2q65bYKEmxffGgZ7nUJAUZp2w_LeTk0xAlZb-9l1KSwJqtr0CoOSDZ7LHk6BND9Y5U-aU0LZQ3tTulLllTnJBLVvB1ziS87AwkGJrz3D5OS3X/s1600/2-+Femmes+entrain+de+travailler.jpg" height="472" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Des femmes entrain de travailler</td></tr>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">La
jeune fille par exemple apprend des recettes de cuisine avec la mère, elle est
formée aux travaux ménagers en général (la propreté de la maison, la buanderie,
etc.), à certains travaux champêtres (la culture et la récolte des arachides,
du sésame, le niébé<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>,
et la cueillette et le séchage des légumes par exemple) et à certaines
techniques manufacturières comme la poterie et le filage du coton. Elle est
aussi préparée pour sa future maternité. Le jeune garçon, quant à lui, apprend
les techniques champêtres (la culture du mil et du maïs) et architecturales
avec le père (la construction des casses et de leurs toits en chaume
notamment). Il est éduqué et formé pour exercer les tâches qui demandent
généralement plus de force physique. <o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span></div>
<table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH4n3lO4kRWqwrPBZe88iJLChmypr1LZLOj8oBY5zdnZp6Cq32EYIFQ8iyWBDWjDIAB3a06VEGukQJ8iE8U91AW7XPyGgsmR8qpsLJ-OtGahxA6FLnudhre1MYMU-oBK2lU83FzMph-MVD/s1600/3-+Le+port+du+toit+en+chaumes+par+de+vaillants+jeuns+hommes.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH4n3lO4kRWqwrPBZe88iJLChmypr1LZLOj8oBY5zdnZp6Cq32EYIFQ8iyWBDWjDIAB3a06VEGukQJ8iE8U91AW7XPyGgsmR8qpsLJ-OtGahxA6FLnudhre1MYMU-oBK2lU83FzMph-MVD/s1600/3-+Le+port+du+toit+en+chaumes+par+de+vaillants+jeuns+hommes.jpg" height="425" width="640" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Le port du toit en chaumes par de vaillants jeunes hommes</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
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<br /></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Les
adultes ne sont pas aussi en marge. Ceux-ci font dans <i>l’école de la vie</i>. Ils sont en même temps formateurs et éducateurs
de leurs progénitures et des plus jeunes. Ils sont normalement appelés à être
les modèles pour ces derniers dans plusieurs domaines ; ils doivent leur
apprendre à surmonter les difficultés de la vie. Par de là une telle
structuration va transparaître toute une <i>philosophie
de l’éducation</i> qui peut être illustrée à travers les soirées au clair de la
lune, soirées jonchées de contes, de devinettes, de proverbes (<i>Ma Gawla</i>), de jeux sociaux et éducatifs,
de proverbes, etc. ; chacun y a en effet un rôle à jouer dans
l’édification <i>complète</i> de sa propre
personne/personnalité et celle de ses congénères. Le Ɗiy na Kaɗa est donc dans
une école de la solidarité. C’est d’ailleurs fort à propos que les auteurs de <i>Le village Djougui. 20 ans d’expérience d’un
Comité de développement au Nord Cameroun</i> affirment :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">Les
champs étaient labourés à tour de rôle, selon un calendrier arrêté de commun
accord entre l’homme et ses épouses et en fonction des priorités du moment. Les
jeunes s’occupaient du gardiennage des animaux (petit ruminant ou bovins), les
tout petits restaient à la maison, parfois avec les vieillards lorsque ceux-ci
ne pouvaient plus travailler. Ils gardaient la maison contre les intrus et les
chiens errants, chassaient les oiseaux granivores au moment des récoltes ou
protégeaient les poussins contre les rapaces<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Nonobstant
une telle peinture de la réalité éducationnelle et éducative du peuple guidar,
une préoccupions demeure : Où en sommes-nous Aujourd’hui ? Le
jeune garçon guidar a du mal à faire un toit en paille. Que dire de La fille
qui a de la peine à réaliser avec dextérité les mets traditionnels tels le <i>Tasba<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a></i>,
le <i>Zoula<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
mederkene</i>, le <i>Zingéli<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></b></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Kong Kong </i>et j’en passe. Est-ce à dire que cette charge éducative et
éducationnelle est désormais confiée à l’école moderne ?<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> Parlant de l’avènement de l’école moderne dans
la société guidar, celle-ci, faut-il le noter, a été sous l’influence des
colonisateurs et, parallèlement, des premiers missionnaires (les Oblats de
Marie Immaculée en particulier). Pour question d’illustration nous pouvons
mentionner l’ordination sacerdotale de Claude Marie Dawai<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>, le
22 mai 1972, premier prêtre guidar. Cela ne nous étonnera pas, qu’en 1947 déjà,
l’école de Guider ne comptait que 60 élèves<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>. À
titre de rappel, « une école fut créée à Garoua en 1906 et [celle-ci]
comptait 54 élèves en 1913 »<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>.
Le pays guidar, sous la colonisation allemande<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[10]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>
comme sous la tutelle et le mandat franco-anglais, se voit doté
d’infrastructures scolaires. Le nombre très bas d’élèves au départ va
grandissant avec le temps. Seulement, il y avait des réticences de la part des
populations. Les guidar n’accordaient pas trop d’intérêt pour l’école moderne. Il
va falloir surtout attendre la période des indépendances pour voir grandir cet
intérêt pour l’éducation scolaire ; le lycée de Guider, alors lycée des
jeunes filles, est un pôle par excellence d’éducation, ceci sans oublier le
Collège Eugène de Mazenod de N’Gaoundéré, plus éloigné, et les établissements
scolaires de Garoua : plusieurs Guidar y seront formés. Mais avec le
temps, comme certains d’entre eux aspiraient à la vie presbytérale, ceux-ci
optèrent pour l’école puisque l’itinéraire pour la prêtrise était le grand
séminaire, passant par le petit séminaire. Entre autres, les Grandes écoles sur
le territoire national (l’Université de Yaoundé singulièrement à travers ses
écoles de formation que sont l’ENAM<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[11]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>,
l’ENS<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[12]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>,
etc. et le Centre Universitaire de Dschang, pour ne citer que celles-ci) vont
accueillir les natifs du terroir guidar. Les choses vont se diversifier avec la
réforme universitaire de 1993<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[13]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>,
avec la création de plus d’une université d’État<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[14]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>.
Plus tard beaucoup d’entre eux vont se retrouver dans le corps militaire.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Il
importe pourtant de relever une chose, c’est que chez les guidar le garçon
était le plus motivé par les parents à aller à l’école. Quant à la fille celle-ci
était réservée pour les tâches ménagères. Parfois certains parents
choisissaient financer les études du garçon au détriment de celle de la fille
puisque cette dernière étaient destinée au mariage, et par conséquent ne
devrait perdre son temps à l’école moderne. Dès lors le lieu d’apprentissage
pour la jeune fille demeurait la cuisine en particulier et le cadre ménager en
général. C’est la problématique du genre qui est alors au centre de la question
éducative. C’est avec le mélange culturel que tout semble devenir homogène,
malgré les éléments reténeurs que va charrier une certaine manière de voir « musulmane »<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><sup><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[15]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></sup></a>
des choses. En arrière-plan, l’éducation traditionnelle d’en tant perd au jour
le jour son éclat : il n’y a presque plus de soirées au clair de la lune,
l’oubli grandissant de plusieurs techniques culturelles et manufacturières
n’est plus à prouver. Or, l’on ne doit pas perdre de vue ces mots d’Arnold
Gehlen :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 1.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;">[L’homme]
<i>vit en tant qu’être de culture,
c'est-à-dire grâce aux résultats de prévision, de planification, exercée en
commun, qui lui permet d’élaborer, à partir de n’importe quelle constellation
de conditions naturelles, des techniques et des moyens d’existence, grâce aux
modifications qu’il apporte par son activité de prévision</i></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">[16]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 115%;">.<i><o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">En
revanche tout, le paysage scolaire contemporain du Guidar se métamorphose. De
nos jours avec la modernisation, les Ɗiy na Kaɗa ont compris que l’école est
bienfaitrice. Avec le temps, beaucoup vont prendre goût à l’école moderne.
Ainsi nous auront par exemple des ingénieurs et docteurs guidar. Les Guidar
sont dans presque dans toutes les sphères éducationnelles du pays, ceci malgré
leur petit nombre, comparativement à celui des autres groupes ethniques. Mieux
encore, la langue Kaɗa est désormais enseignée dans plusieurs salles de classes
du Pays ; des documents de liturgie catholique sont alors
transcrits ; tout un alphabet et un système de graphie sont reconnus. À
titre illustratif, voici l’alphabet Guidar :<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Voyelles :</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">i, e, <s>u</s>, ə,
u, o, a ;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Consonnes :</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">p, b, ɓ, m, f,
v, t, d, ɗ, s, z, n, l, r, y, k, ŋ, ’, h, w ;<b><o:p></o:p></b></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Consonnes
complexes :</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">
</span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">vb,
mb, nd, sl, zl, ŋg, ŋgb, kg, gb, nz.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Il
reste cependant encore beaucoup à faire ; en ce sens que le monde
d’aujourd’hui a plus d’importance grâce au savoir.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 150%; text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;">
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;">Au
demeurant, la conception qu’on les Ɗiy na Kaɗa de l’idée
d’ « école » a évolué à travers le temps. Du lien étroit avec
les réalités traditionnelles au divorce plus ou moins consommé d’avec celles-ci
pour une liaison toujours inabouti dans sa complétude avec l’école occidentale,
le Guidar est confronté à des défis ; ceux de l’instruction et de
l’éduction scolaires dignes de ce nom qui puissent lui permettre d’être
lui-même dans sa relation avec les autres, sans pour autant se laisser
dissoudre ou diluer dans l’altérité. C’est donc un appel à une <i>éducation</i> et à une <i>éducativité</i> complète du Guidar qui est lancé, ceci à travers une <i>éducation</i> <i>systématisée</i> et un <i>système à
éduquer</i>, parce que maintes difficultés sont à surmonter dans l’édification
du Kaɗa.</span><br />
<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;"><br /></span>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-indent: -56.75pt;">
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</div>
<div>
<!--[if !supportFootnotes]-->
<br />
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<!--[endif]-->
<br />
<div id="ftn1">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> PLEG (Professeur des Lycées
d’Enseignement Secondaire Général) en Espagnole de l’École Normale Supérieure
de Maroua, Extrême Nord-Cameroun.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn2">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">
<span class="sdfn1">Il s’agit à la
vérité d’une espèce de haricot, du genre </span><span class="sdfn1"><i>Vigna,</i></span><span class="sdfn1"> qui est consommée
sous plusieurs formes : frais, sec ou en beignets. Ses feuilles sont
consommées comme légumes.</span><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn3">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Albert Douffissa (<i>dir.</i>), <i>Le village Djougui. 20 ans d’expérience d’un Comité de développement au
Nord Cameroun</i>, Édité par le Comité de Développement de Djougui, <i>sine data</i>, p. 75.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn4">
<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Le nom scientifique étant <i>Sena tora</i>.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Feuilles du niébé, utilisées ici
pour un met particulier. <o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height: 115%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></span></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> Feuilles d’oseille (plante
potagère dont les feuilles, à la saveur acide, sont consommées), utilisées ici
pour un met particulier.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn7">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="line-height: 115%;">[7]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">
<i>Ecclesia</i>, Garoua, N°9, pp. 16-20.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="line-height: 115%;">[8]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">
Albert Douffissa (<i>dir.</i>), <i>Le village Djougui. 20 ans d’expérience d’un
Comité de développement au Nord Cameroun</i>, <i>op. cit.</i>, p. 58.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="line-height: 115%;">[9]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">
</span></sup><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">Ibid.</span></i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">,
p. 49.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="line-height: 115%;">[10]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">
Dans la localité de Guider notamment.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="line-height: 115%;">[11]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">
École Nationale de l’Administration et de la Magistrature.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
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<div id="ftn12">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="line-height: 115%;">[12]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">
École Normale Supérieure.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
<div id="ftn13">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="line-height: 115%;">[13]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";"> <i>Cf. </i>Ministère de l’éducation National du
Cameroun, <i>La réforme universitaire au Cameroun</i>, Yaoundé, CEPER, 1993.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="line-height: 115%;">[14]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">
</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">Les
Université de Buea, Douala, Dschang, N’Gaoundéré et Yaoundé 2.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="line-height: 115%;">[15]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">
</span></sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">Conception
notamment marquée par la non-scolarisation de la jeune fille.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify;">
<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/L'%C3%A9cole%20chez%20les%20Guidar/Le%20mot%20%C3%A9cole%20dans%20sa%20definition%20designe%20un%20etablissement%20ou%20une%20institution%20ouu%20l.docx#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><sup><span style="line-height: 115%;">[16]</span></sup><!--[endif]--></span></sup></a><sup><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;">
</span></sup></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; line-height: 115%;"><span style="font-size: x-small;">Arnold
Gehlen, <i>Anthropologie et psychologie
sociale</i>, Presses Universitaires de France, 1990, p. 53.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
</div>
</div>
Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0Guider, Cameroun9.934167 13.9486110000000289.8716035 13.867930000000028 9.9967305 14.029292000000028tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-55954560381651187262014-12-02T13:39:00.001+01:002014-12-12T15:47:23.208+01:00JE PEUX AUSSI FAIRE MON ARBRE GÉNÉALOGIQUE<script src="http://h2.flashvortex.com/display.php?id=2_1418395158_58952_345_0_455_125_9_2_100" type="text/javascript"></script>
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Nous proposons au visiteur de notre blog de
faire son propre arbre généalogique en s’inspirant de l’exemple suivant. Après
avoir enregistré l’image dans votre ordinateur ou dans un disque amovible, et
après l’avoir imprimée vous essayerez de remplir les vides. Sans le savoir, et
peut-être même sans le vouloir, cela va vous obligera à entrer dans l’histoire
profonde de votre propre famille. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj24XqYfDijPGYsY3LppTy8E5Nf8uSazKBbPFK9qWSuTvJNZhx8R8QBnedT0uYh_XFckzVSrKqPtJroLXPW_FQkVHv5eW1qKGA0mQLh15pR3QlGBMiw6MDda16JKlMzOcRKTexLmy97qeDF/s1600/MON+ARBRE+GENEALOGIQUE_0001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj24XqYfDijPGYsY3LppTy8E5Nf8uSazKBbPFK9qWSuTvJNZhx8R8QBnedT0uYh_XFckzVSrKqPtJroLXPW_FQkVHv5eW1qKGA0mQLh15pR3QlGBMiw6MDda16JKlMzOcRKTexLmy97qeDF/s1600/MON+ARBRE+GENEALOGIQUE_0001.jpg" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
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Nous
vous disons « Du courage ! » pour ce périple dans l’histoire de
votre famille. Pour le Guidar en particulier, sachez que la reconstitution de
l’histoire de plusieurs familles permettra de reconstituer celle de tout un
village, pourquoi pas celle de toute la famille Kaɗa. Qui sait si vous qui envisagez à l’instant de
faire votre propre arbre généalogique et moi n’avons pas les mêmes
arrière-arrière-grands parents !<o:p></o:p><br />
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-indent: -56.75pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">N.B. :</b> - Pour vos contributions, bien vouloir envoyer vos textes à l’adresse suivante :<b> </b><a href="mailto:toumbapatale@gmail.com">toumbapatale@gmail.com</a></div>
<div style="text-align: start; text-indent: 0px;">
- Vous pouvez aussi nous retrouver sur Facebook : <a href="https://www.facebook.com/DiyNaKaa">https://www.facebook.com/DiyNaKaa</a></div>
</div>Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0Guider, Cameroun9.934167 13.9486110000000289.934167 13.948611000000028 9.934167 13.948611000000028tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3372630614856555296.post-89603415641558183942014-12-02T13:27:00.000+01:002015-12-08T17:20:03.961+01:00MON ARBRE GÉNÉALOGIQUE<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;">
Par Christian TOUMBA
PATALÉ<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/Mon%20Arbre%20G%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique/De%20l'importance%20de%20l'arbre%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique.docx#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 150%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a><o:p></o:p></div>
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Par-delà le
nom qui permet de nous identifier au sein de la communauté ou d’identifier tout
un groupe de personnes, le lien sanguin est précis quant aux investigations sur
un individu et/ou sur un groupe social donnés. Ne dit-on pas souvent que le
lien de sang est très fort et éternel ? L’idée de Nation chères à
plusieurs États, tant prémodernes que modernes, n’est-elle pas sous-tendue par
le sentiment d’appartenance à une même famille des peuples de ceux-ci, et de
lien historique qui les unis ? En tout cas, la génétique ne nous dira pas
le contraire en ce qui concerne surtout le lien de sang. C’est dans une telle
logique que se situe toute approche généalogique, pourquoi pas génétique de
tout groupe ethnique. Une telle manière de faire permet de remonter aux
origines des faits, des événements, des choses et des réalités qui ont été,
dans le passé, des facteurs décisifs pour l’actualisation du présent, et de ce
que sera le futur. La chose socioculturelle n’est pas en marge
d’une telle façon de procéder. L’idée d’<i>arbre
généalogique</i>, certainement plus ou moins bien connue de beaucoup, est, en
ce sens, très illustrative. <i>Mon arbre
généalogique </i>! Non ! Je n’épiloguerai pas, au sens propre des
termes, sur mon <i>propre</i> arbre
généalogique. Ce dont il est question ici est l’insistance sur la fonction, le
rôle, l’importance et la place de l’arbre généalogique dans la vie de tout
individu en général et celle du Kaɗa en particulier. À la vérité, l’utilisation
des arbres généalogiques est très ancienne.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<b><i>Une histoire très ancienne</i></b></h4>
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L’utilisation
des arbres généalogiques est très ancienne. Déjà, les mythologies retraçaient les
générations des dieux. Dans la Bible, c’est l’une des généalogies les plus
populaires qui est reconstituée dans l’Évangile selon saint Matthieu<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/Mon%20Arbre%20G%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique/De%20l'importance%20de%20l'arbre%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique.docx#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 150%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. Il
en allait de même pour la tradition islamique dans laquelle une parenté avec le
prophète charrie de l’honneur à travers le temps. C’est ainsi que, de façon
générale, l’arbre généalogique a été utilisé pour établir la noblesse du sang
d’un individu (la différence entre l’esclave et l’homme libre par exemple). L’historique
des questions généalogiques pourrait être bien longue<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/Mon%20Arbre%20G%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique/De%20l'importance%20de%20l'arbre%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique.docx#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 150%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. Étant
d’un domaine scientifique à part entière qui est la généalogie, l’arbre
généalogique, comme son nom l’indique, est ainsi désigné par analogie au
développement végétal. La généalogie, si je m’en tiens à la définition que
donne le <i>Petit Robert de la langue française 2012</i> est la « Suite d'ancêtres qui établit une filiation »<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/Mon%20Arbre%20G%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique/De%20l'importance%20de%20l'arbre%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique.docx#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 150%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>, la
« Science qui a pour objet la recherche de l'origine et de la filiation
des familles »<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/Mon%20Arbre%20G%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique/De%20l'importance%20de%20l'arbre%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique.docx#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 150%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
et l’ « historique d’un évènement »<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/Mon%20Arbre%20G%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique/De%20l'importance%20de%20l'arbre%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique.docx#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color: black; font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 150%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>. On
entendra alors parler d’ascendance, de descendance, de famille, de filiation,
de lignée, de race, etc. <o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
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<b><i>Des motivations, fonctions et importances
variées<o:p></o:p></i></b></div>
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L’élaboration de l’arbre
généalogique peut être faite par une généalogiste professionnel ou par soi-même
pour identifier des ancêtres sur plusieurs générations. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-
<!--[endif]-->Il permet alors de retracer l’histoire d’une ou
de plusieurs familles. C’est d’ailleurs la principale raison qui pousse
beaucoup à élaborer leurs arbres généalogiques. Car ce sont les
arrière-grands-parents, les grands-parents et les parents qui ont fait de nous
ce que nous sommes.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-
<!--[endif]-->D’un point de vue psychologique, l’arbre
généalogique peut permettre la liaison psychologique d’un individu avec ses
ancêtres. Dès lors, les évènements tant joyeux que tristes seront pris pour ce
qu’ils sont. Cela est très palpable avec les descendances qui n’ont pu
connaître leurs ascendants (les enfants abandonnés notamment).<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-
<!--[endif]-->Entre autres, des secrets (oubliés ou inavoués)
dont les impacts sont lourds dans le présent et le future peuvent être révélés.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-
<!--[endif]-->L’arbre généalogique permet aussi d’éviter les
liens prohibés tels l’inceste. Sur ce point la culture Kaɗa est très regardant
lorsqu’il s’agit nomment de lier ses fils et filles à travers l’union du
mariage. Deux membres d’un même clan ne peuvent être unis par le mariage<a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/Mon%20Arbre%20G%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique/De%20l'importance%20de%20l'arbre%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique.docx#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 150%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-
<!--[endif]-->Il s’agit également de voir comment trouver sa
place et sa voie dans l’ensemble que constitue la famille. L’on ne naît pas <i>ex nihilo</i>. Dans un contexte économique
et politique en particulier, l’accompagnement du client à long terme et du
politique pourra être facilité.<o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast" style="margin-left: 21.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;">
<!--[if !supportLists]-->-
<!--[endif]-->La nécessité peut aussi s’imposer ;
lorsqu’il est par exemple question d’héritage, de la comptabilité familiale
(n’oublions pas que l’étymologie du mot économie nous renvoie avant tout à la
gestion des biens de la famille), de l’assurance de la noblesse de la lignée, etc.
<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<b><i>Une variété de représentations</i></b></h4>
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La représentation de la généalogie d’un
individu se veut avant tout arborescente. Il y a toujours un individu racine en
bas de la page et des individus parents dans les branches et les feuilles. Il
s’agit ici d’un arbre généalogique faisant ressortir l’ascendance d’un
individu. Il pourra aussi s’agir de la représentation d’une descendance ;
là, nous aurons plutôt plusieurs racines, représentants les descendants de cet
individu, racines qui vont tous, à partir du bas, converger vers l’individu en
question. Pour être précis, l’arbre généalogique ascendant vise la recherche
des ancêtres d’un individu, tandis que celui descendant porte sur la
descendance d’un couple bien défini.<o:p></o:p></div>
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<br /></div>
<h4 style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
<b><i>À toi maintenant de faire ton arbre généalogique</i></b></h4>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
Nous proposons au visiteur de notre blog de
faire son propre arbre généalogique en s’inspirant de l’exemple suivant. Après
avoir enregistré l’image dans votre ordinateur ou dans un disque amovible, et
après l’avoir imprimée vous essayerez de remplir les vides. Sans le savoir, et
peut-être même sans le vouloir, cela va vous obligera à entrer dans l’histoire
profonde de votre propre famille. <o:p></o:p></div>
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;">
<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj24XqYfDijPGYsY3LppTy8E5Nf8uSazKBbPFK9qWSuTvJNZhx8R8QBnedT0uYh_XFckzVSrKqPtJroLXPW_FQkVHv5eW1qKGA0mQLh15pR3QlGBMiw6MDda16JKlMzOcRKTexLmy97qeDF/s1600/MON+ARBRE+GENEALOGIQUE_0001.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="452" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj24XqYfDijPGYsY3LppTy8E5Nf8uSazKBbPFK9qWSuTvJNZhx8R8QBnedT0uYh_XFckzVSrKqPtJroLXPW_FQkVHv5eW1qKGA0mQLh15pR3QlGBMiw6MDda16JKlMzOcRKTexLmy97qeDF/s1600/MON+ARBRE+GENEALOGIQUE_0001.jpg" width="640" /></a></div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br /></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.45pt;">
Nous
vous disons « Du courage ! » pour ce périple dans l’histoire de
votre famille. Pour le Guidar en particulier, sachez que la reconstitution de
l’histoire de plusieurs familles permettra de reconstituer celle de tout un
village, pourquoi pas celle de toute la famille Kaɗa. Qui sait si vous qui envisagez à l’instant de
faire votre propre arbre généalogique et moi n’avons pas les mêmes
arrière-arrière-grands parents !<o:p></o:p></div>
<br />
<div>
<div style="text-align: justify;">
<br />
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 49.65pt; tab-stops: 49.65pt; text-indent: -56.75pt;">
<b style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;">N.B. :</b> - Pour vos contributions, bien vouloir envoyer vos textes à l’adresse suivante :<b> </b><a href="mailto:toumbapatale@gmail.com">toumbapatale@gmail.com</a></div>
<div style="text-align: start;">
- Vous pouvez aussi nous retrouver sur Facebook : <a href="https://www.facebook.com/DiyNaKaa">https://www.facebook.com/DiyNaKaa</a></div>
</div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/Mon%20Arbre%20G%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique/De%20l'importance%20de%20l'arbre%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique.docx#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 150%;">[1]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Étudiant-chercheur, Université de Dschang, Ouest-Cameroun.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/Mon%20Arbre%20G%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique/De%20l'importance%20de%20l'arbre%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique.docx#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 150%;">[2]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
1, 1-18. La liste des parents de Jésus contient alors quarante-deux (42) noms
repartis en trois séries de quatorze (14) noms. Avant cela le livre de la
Genèse présentait les liens de parenté entre le peuple de Dieu et les premiers
hommes créés par Dieu (Adam et Ève). Parallèlement, les auteurs de plusieurs
livres de la Bible prennent le soin d’insister sur l’enracinement historique
des faits.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/Mon%20Arbre%20G%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique/De%20l'importance%20de%20l'arbre%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique.docx#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 150%;">[3]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Pour plus de détails l’on pourra lire l’article sur la généalogie de
l’Encyclopédie en ligne Wikipédia. <i>Cf. </i>aussi
<a href="http://claire-daude.over-blog.com/m/article-65694939.html">http://claire-d-aude.over-blog.com/m/article-65694939.html</a>,
<a href="http://www.linternaute.com/pratique/loisirs/genealogie/generalites/473.pourquoi-constituer-son-arbre-genealogique.html">http://www.linternaute.com/pratique/loisirs/genealogie/generalites/473.pourquoi-constituer-son-arbre-genealogique.html</a>
et <a href="http://www.yvongenealogie.fr/tresors-genealogiques/arbre-genealogique-telechargements/">http://www.yvongenealogie.fr/tresors-genealogiques/arbre-genealogique-telechargements/</a>.
<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/Mon%20Arbre%20G%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique/De%20l'importance%20de%20l'arbre%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique.docx#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 150%;">[4]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Rey (Debove) et et Rey (Alain), <i>Le
Nouveau Petit Robert de la langue française 2012</i>, version électronique,
texte remanié et amplifié, Le Robert/SEJER.<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/Mon%20Arbre%20G%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique/De%20l'importance%20de%20l'arbre%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique.docx#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 150%;">[5]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<i>Id.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/Mon%20Arbre%20G%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique/De%20l'importance%20de%20l'arbre%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique.docx#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 150%;">[6]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
<i>Id.<o:p></o:p></i></span></div>
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<span style="font-size: x-small;"><a href="file:///C:/Users/pacific/Documents/GUIDAR/PR%C3%8ATS%20A%20PUBLIER/Mon%20Arbre%20G%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique/De%20l'importance%20de%20l'arbre%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9alogique.docx#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><!--[if !supportFootnotes]--><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: "times new roman" , serif; line-height: 150%;">[7]</span></span><!--[endif]--></span></a>
Nous y reviendrons certainement dans un autre texte quand il sera question de
réfléchir un tant soit peu sur la question du mariage chez les Kaɗa.</span><o:p></o:p></div>
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Christian Toumba Pataléhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11499078875830514381noreply@blogger.com0Guider, Cameroun9.934167 13.9486110000000289.934167 13.948611000000028 9.934167 13.948611000000028